# Digital Addiction Scale for Children (DASC): Age, Gender, Sleep and Emotional Correlates

## TL;DR

This study validates a Spanish version of the Digital Addiction Scale for Children and finds it linked to anxiety, depression, and poor sleep in young users.

## Contribution

The study validates the Spanish version of the DASC and identifies its psychometric properties and emotional correlates in children.

## Key findings

- Higher problematic digital device use correlates with increased anxiety and depression symptoms.
- Problematic use is associated with reduced sleep hours in children and adolescents.
- The Spanish DASC shows strong psychometric properties despite partial gender and age invariance.

## Abstract

Nowadays, digital devices (DD) overuse is an increasing risk factor to develop anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances in young population. Objectives: This study aims to validate the Digital Addiction Scale for Children (DASC) in Spanish, the second most spoken language globally, and to examine its relationship with anxiety, depression, and sleep patterns in children and adolescents. Methods: A sample of 977 children aged 9 to 14 completed self-reported measures of sleep duration, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and the DASC. The statistical analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Pearson correlations, revealed that the DASC has a bifactorial structure and good reliability. Results: Higher problematic DD levels were associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms and reduced sleep hours. Although the DASC-Spanish version shows only partial gender and age invariance, it demonstrates strong psychometric properties, supporting its use in psychological practice and research. Conclusions: The observed correlates of the Spanish-DASC with anxiety, depression, and sleep; emphasize its relevance in the presence of negative emotional symptoms and for the promotion of psychological well-being and health in late childhood and adolescence.