# Optimized scheduling of integrated energy systems considering waste-to-power plants and advanced adiabatic air compression energy storage machines

## TL;DR

This paper proposes an energy system combining waste-to-power and advanced air compression storage to reduce carbon emissions and improve economic efficiency.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is integrating waste-to-power with advanced adiabatic compressed air storage and optimizing their coordinated operation.

## Key findings

- Integrating waste heat recovery reduces purchase heat cost.
- Ammonia-coal co-firing lowers carbon emissions and improves renewable energy use.
- The improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm reduces total system cost by 20.03%.

## Abstract

To achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, improve energy utilization efficiency, and accelerate the decarbonization of energy structure, this paper proposes a model that integrates Waste Incineration Power Plant (WIP) and Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES) to reduce carbon emissions and enhance system economics. First, based on the coupled WIP and Power-to-Gas (P2G) model, a waste heat recovery unit is introduced to recover exhaust heat and reduce purchase heat cost. Second, Power-to-Ammonia (P2A) technology is integrated with coal-fired generating units to enable dynamic ammonia-coal co-firing, further reducing carbon emissions and enhancing renewable energy utilization. Third, AA-CAES is incorporated to expand heat supply channels through compression heat storage and release, while absorbing heat during expansion power generation, thus achieving cross-temporal heat utilization and establishing a coordinated power and heat supply model between energy storage equipment and WIP. Finally, an improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with dynamically adjusted inertia weights and learning factors, combined with a local exchange strategy, is employed for optimization. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed improved algorithm achieves lower total cost, and the coordinated operation of AA-CAES with WIP reduces the total system cost by 20.03%.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-37485-z.