# Femtosecond laser synthesis of multiscale high-entropy alloys/graphene composites for high-performance Joule heating

## TL;DR

Researchers used femtosecond lasers to create high-entropy alloy nanoparticles on graphene, making a highly efficient and energy-saving heater.

## Contribution

The novel use of femtosecond laser synthesis to create high-performance Joule heaters with high-entropy alloys and graphene.

## Key findings

- The HEAs/LIG composite achieves a high electrothermal conversion efficiency of ~285.4 °C cm² W⁻¹.
- The composite exhibits a broadband infrared emissivity of ~0.98 across 2.5–20 μm wavelengths.
- The heater consumes ~49.1% less energy than conventional heaters in winter conditions.

## Abstract

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) have garnered significant interest across diverse fields. However, thus far, research on their applications has predominantly focused on electrocatalysis. Expanding the applications of HEA-NPs beyond current fields is timely and desirable but remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the successful femtosecond laser synthesis of HEA-NPs on the laser-induced graphene (LIG) for realizing high-performance Joule heating applications. This prepared composites (HEAs/LIG) exhibits exceptional electrothermal conversion ability with efficiency up to ~285.4 °C cm2 W−1. Furthermore, the HEAs/LIG also shows high broadband infrared emissivity of ~0.98 across the wavelength range from 2.5 to 20 μm. Finally, we present the applications of HEAs/LIG as an efficient Joule heater, which consumes ~49.1% less energy compared to conventional electrical heaters in winter. This work expands the application of HEA-NPs into the Joule heating field, and underlining the importance of further development in efficient energy utilization technology.

Femtosecond laser synthesized FeCoNiCrMnRu high-entropy alloy nanoparticles on the laser-induced graphene enable an efficient Joule heater with high heater energy efficiency and broadband infrared emissivity.