# Recognition and remodelling of nucleosomes and hexasomes by the human INO80 complex

## TL;DR

This study reveals how the human INO80 complex slides and repositions nucleosomes and hexasomes by sensing DNA unwrapping and binding to specific regions.

## Contribution

The study shows that human INO80 slides hexasomes as efficiently as nucleosomes and provides structural insights into its mechanism.

## Key findings

- Human INO80 slides hexasomes as efficiently as H2A and H2A.Z nucleosomes.
- INO80 binds to the entry point of extranucleosomal DNA and spin-rotates around the nucleosome core.
- Acidic patch binding by IES2 differentiates (sub)nucleosomal species and affects nucleosome sliding.

## Abstract

The ATP-dependent INO80 chromatin remodeller slides and repositions nucleosomes to shape and maintain chromatin around gene regulatory elements and replication origins. Recent work uncovered capabilities of yeast and fungal INO80 to bind and slide hexasomes, but whether this is a universal feature is unknown. Here, we show that human INO80 also slides hexasomes as efficiently as H2A and H2A.Z nucleosomes. By determining a variety of structures of human INO80 bound to canonical and H2A.Z nucleosomes as well as hexasomes, we reveal a predominantly topological sensing of nucleosomal species with at least three positions depending on entry DNA unwrapping. INO80 spin-rotates around the nucleosomal core particle as a function of entry DNA unwrapping. Different degrees of unwrapped entry DNA lead to two different nucleosomal and one hexasomal locations of INO80, determined by binding of the Snf2 ATPase to entry point of extranucleosomal DNA at the nucleosome/hexasome core. Acidic patch binding by the INO80 subunit IES2 can differentiate between (sub)nucleosomal species, is important for nucleosome but not hexasome sliding, and may sense unwrapped exit DNA. These findings provide structural and mechanistic insights into how human INO80 remodels diverse chromatin substrates in a topology driven manner.

Graphical Abstract