# Awareness of colorectal cancer and screening uptake in Eastern KSA: Predictors and implications

## TL;DR

This study explores low colorectal cancer awareness and screening rates in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, identifying education, age, and location as key factors.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into CRC awareness predictors and screening uptake in a previously understudied region of Saudi Arabia.

## Key findings

- 57% of participants had low awareness of colorectal cancer.
- Only 11.7% had undergone CRC screening, rising to 24.7% for those aged 50 and above.
- Higher education and urban residence were significant predictors of screening.

## Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers in KSA, ranking first among males and third among females. However, the uptake of the national screening programs is poor due to insufficient awareness and access barriers. Thus, this study evaluated the awareness of CRC and screening levels among adults in the Eastern Province of KSA, where recent data are limited.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 adults using a self-administered questionnaire between April 2024 and July 2024. Awareness of CRC signs, symptoms, risk factors, and screening was assessed. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of awareness and screening practice.

In total, 57.0 % of the participants had low awareness of CRC. Females were more aware of the signs and symptoms of CRC than males (p = 0.025). The lowest age group (18–30 years) had the highest mean awareness score (p = 0.037). Higher level of education was positively related to knowledge of risk factors for CRC (p < 0.001). Only 11.7 % had undergone CRC screening, which increased to 24.7 % among those aged 50 years and above. Positive predictors of awareness included higher education level (p = 0.023) and prior knowledge of CRC (p = 0.043). Age (p < 0.001), living in main (central urban areas) areas (p < 0.001), and family history (p < 0.001) were predictors of undergoing screening.

In the Eastern Province of KSA, awareness of CRC and screening rates are low. Thus, it is suggested that awareness campaigns, discussions with physicians, and electronic medical records-based reminder systems may help enhance compliance.