# Clinical, hormonal and molecular genetic characteristics of 18 cases of disorders of sex development (DSD) 46,XY associated with variants in the SRD5A2 gene

**Authors:** Н. Ю. Калинченко, Н. А. Макрецкая, А. А. Колодкина, М. А. Карева, А. Н. Тюльпаков

PMC · DOI: 10.14341/probl13544 · Problems of Endocrinology · 2025-12-02

## TL;DR

This study analyzes 18 cases of 46,XY disorders of sex development linked to SRD5A2 gene variants, highlighting the importance of genetic testing for accurate diagnosis.

## Contribution

The study reports 16 SRD5A2 gene variants in 18 DSD cases, including 4 novel variants, emphasizing the role of genetic analysis in diagnosing these rare conditions.

## Key findings

- 16 distinct SRD5A2 gene variants were identified in 18 patients with 46,XY DSD.
- Four of the identified variants were previously unreported in the literature.
- Molecular genetic analysis is crucial for differential diagnosis of 46,XY DSD cases.

## Abstract

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. В структуре нарушений формирования пола (НФП) при кариотипе 46,XY выделяют группу нозологий, обусловленных нарушением синтеза андрогенов, последним этапом которого является превращение тестостерона в более активный андроген дигидротестостерон, что происходит под влиянием фермента 5α-редуктазы II типа (SRD5A2). Дефицит SRD5A2 является редким заболеванием с аутосомно-рецессивным наследованием.

ЦЕЛЬ. Дать клиническую и молекулярно-генетическую характеристику 14 новых случаев с подтвержденным молекулярно-генетическим методом дефицитом SRD5A2, а также 4 случаев НФП 46,XY, где были выявлены моноаллельные изменения в гене SRD5A2.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследование было включено 310 пациентов с НФП 46,XY. Молекулярно-генетический анализ проводился методом NGS с использованием таргетной панели для мультиплексной амплификации и последующего секвенирования кодирующих последовательностей следующих генов: AKR1C2, AKR1C4, AMH, AMHR2, AR, ARX, ATRX, CBX2, CYB5A, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, DHCR7, DHH, EMX2, ESR2, FGD1, FGF9, FGFR2, FKBP4, FOXF2, FOXL2, HOXA13, HSD17B3, HSD3B2, ICK, LHCGR, LHX1, LHX9, MAMLD1, MAP3K1, MID1, NR0B1, NR5A1, POR, PTGDS, SOX9, SRD5A2, SRY, STAR, SUPT3H, TSPYL1, WNT4, WT1, ZFPM2.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. При молекулярно-генетическом обследовании в гене SRD5A2 было идентифицировано 16 различных вариантов (2 — в нескольких семьях), 4 из которых ранее описаны не были.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Проведенное исследование подчеркивает важное значение молекулярно-генетического анализа в дифференциальной диагностике НФП 46,XY.

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** SRD5A2 (steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2) [NCBI Gene 6716], AKR1C2 (aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2) [NCBI Gene 1646], AKR1C4 (aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4) [NCBI Gene 1109], AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone) [NCBI Gene 268], AMHR2 (anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2) [NCBI Gene 269], AR (androgen receptor) [NCBI Gene 367], ARX (aristaless related homeobox) [NCBI Gene 170302], ATRX (ATRX chromatin remodeler) [NCBI Gene 546], CBX2 (chromobox 2) [NCBI Gene 84733], CYB5A (cytochrome b5 type A) [NCBI Gene 1528], CYP11A1 (cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1) [NCBI Gene 1583], CYP17A1 (cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1) [NCBI Gene 1586], DHCR7 (7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) [NCBI Gene 1717], DHH (desert hedgehog signaling molecule) [NCBI Gene 50846], EMX2 (empty spiracles homeobox 2) [NCBI Gene 2018], ESR2 (estrogen receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 2100], FGD1 (FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 1) [NCBI Gene 2245], FGF9 (fibroblast growth factor 9) [NCBI Gene 2254], FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 2263], FKBP4 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 4) [NCBI Gene 2288], FOXF2 (forkhead box F2) [NCBI Gene 2295], FOXL2 (forkhead box L2) [NCBI Gene 668], HOXA13 (homeobox A13) [NCBI Gene 3209], HSD17B3 (hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 3) [NCBI Gene 3293], HSD3B2 (hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2) [NCBI Gene 3284], CILK1 (ciliogenesis associated kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 22858], LHCGR (luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor) [NCBI Gene 3973], LHX1 (LIM homeobox 1) [NCBI Gene 3975], LHX9 (LIM homeobox 9) [NCBI Gene 56956], MAMLD1 (mastermind like domain containing 1) [NCBI Gene 10046], MAP3K1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 4214], MID1 (midline 1) [NCBI Gene 4281], NR0B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1) [NCBI Gene 190], NR5A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1) [NCBI Gene 2516], POR (cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase) [NCBI Gene 5447], PTGDS (prostaglandin D2 synthase) [NCBI Gene 5730], SOX9 (SRY-box transcription factor 9) [NCBI Gene 6662], SRY (sex determining region Y) [NCBI Gene 6736], STAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) [NCBI Gene 6770], SUPT3H (SPT3 homolog, SAGA and STAGA complex component) [NCBI Gene 8464], TSPYL1 (TSPY like 1) [NCBI Gene 7259], WNT4 (Wnt family member 4) [NCBI Gene 54361], WT1 (WT1 transcription factor) [NCBI Gene 7490], ZFPM2 (zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2) [NCBI Gene 23414]
- **Diseases:** disorders of sex development (MONDO:0002145), DSD (MONDO:0002145)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** AKR1C4 (aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4) [NCBI Gene 1109] {aka 3-alpha-HSD, C11, CDR, CHDR, DD-4, DD4}, MID1 (midline 1) [NCBI Gene 4281] {aka BBBG1, FXY, GBBB, GBBB1, MIDIN, OGS1}, SRY (sex determining region Y) [NCBI Gene 6736] {aka SRXX1, SRXY1, TDF, TDY}, CBX2 (chromobox 2) [NCBI Gene 84733] {aka CDCA6, M33, SRXY5}, EMX2 (empty spiracles homeobox 2) [NCBI Gene 2018], SRD5A2 (steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2) [NCBI Gene 6716], MAP3K1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 4214] {aka MAPKKK1, MEKK, MEKK 1, MEKK1, SRXY6}, ATRX (ATRX chromatin remodeler) [NCBI Gene 546] {aka JMS, MRX52, RAD54, RAD54L, XH2, XNP}, AMHR2 (anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2) [NCBI Gene 269] {aka AMHR, MISR2, MISRII, MRII}, FGD1 (FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 1) [NCBI Gene 2245] {aka AAS, FGDY, MRXS16, ZFYVE3}, TSPYL1 (TSPY like 1) [NCBI Gene 7259] {aka TSPYL}, HSD3B2 (hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2) [NCBI Gene 3284] {aka HSD3B, HSDB, SDR11E2}, SUPT3H (SPT3 homolog, SAGA and STAGA complex component) [NCBI Gene 8464] {aka SPT3, SPT3L}, NR0B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1) [NCBI Gene 190] {aka AHC, AHCH, AHX, DAX-1, DAX1, DSS}, STAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) [NCBI Gene 6770] {aka STARD1}, SOX9 (SRY-box transcription factor 9) [NCBI Gene 6662] {aka CMD1, CMPD1, ENH13, SRA1, SRXX2, SRXY10}, FKBP4 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 4) [NCBI Gene 2288] {aka FKBP51, FKBP52, FKBP59, HBI, Hsp56, PPIase}, ZFPM2 (zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2) [NCBI Gene 23414] {aka DIH3, FOG2, PRDM19, SRXY9, ZC2HC11B, ZNF89B}, CYP17A1 (cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1) [NCBI Gene 1586] {aka CPT7, CYP17, P450C17, S17AH}, ARX (aristaless related homeobox) [NCBI Gene 170302] {aka CT121, EIEE1, ISSX, MRX29, MRX32, MRX33}, FOXF2 (forkhead box F2) [NCBI Gene 2295] {aka FKHL6, FREAC-2, FREAC2}, LHX1 (LIM homeobox 1) [NCBI Gene 3975] {aka LIM-1, LIM1}, CYP11A1 (cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1) [NCBI Gene 1583] {aka CYP11A, CYPXIA1, P450SCC}, CYB5A (cytochrome b5 type A) [NCBI Gene 1528] {aka CYB5, MCB5, METAG}, WT1 (WT1 transcription factor) [NCBI Gene 7490] {aka AWT1, GUD, NPHS4, WAGR, WIT-2, WT-1}, AKR1C2 (aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2) [NCBI Gene 1646] {aka AKR1C-pseudo, BABP, DD, DD-2, DD/BABP, DD2}, ESR2 (estrogen receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 2100] {aka ER-BETA, ESR-BETA, ESRB, ESTRB, Erb, NR3A2}, AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone) [NCBI Gene 268] {aka MIF, MIS}, HSD17B3 (hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 3) [NCBI Gene 3293] {aka EDH17B3, SDR12C2}, DHCR7 (7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) [NCBI Gene 1717] {aka SLOS}, HOXA13 (homeobox A13) [NCBI Gene 3209] {aka HOX1, HOX1J}, CILK1 (ciliogenesis associated kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 22858] {aka CED6, ECO, EJM10, ICK, LCK2, MRK}, PTGDS (prostaglandin D2 synthase) [NCBI Gene 5730] {aka L-PGDS, LPGDS, PDS, PGD2, PGDS, PGDS2}, FOXL2 (forkhead box L2) [NCBI Gene 668] {aka BPES, BPES1, PFRK, PINTO, POF3}, MAMLD1 (mastermind like domain containing 1) [NCBI Gene 10046] {aka CG1, CXorf6, F18, HYSP2}, FGF9 (fibroblast growth factor 9) [NCBI Gene 2254] {aka FGF-9, GAF, HBFG-9, HBGF-9, SYNS3}, LHCGR (luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor) [NCBI Gene 3973] {aka HHG, LCGR, LGR2, LH/CG-R, LH/CGR, LHR}, LHX9 (LIM homeobox 9) [NCBI Gene 56956], NR5A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1) [NCBI Gene 2516] {aka AD4BP, ELP, FTZ1, FTZF1, POF7, SF-1}, DHH (desert hedgehog signaling molecule) [NCBI Gene 50846] {aka GDMN, GDXYM, HHG-3, SRXY7}, FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 2263] {aka BBDS, BEK, BFR-1, CD332, CEK3, CFD1}, WNT4 (Wnt family member 4) [NCBI Gene 54361] {aka SERKAL, WNT-4}, POR (cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase) [NCBI Gene 5447] {aka CPR, CYPOR, P450R}
- **Diseases:** defects of androgen synthesis (MESH:D014770), SRD5A2 deficiency (MESH:D007153), DSD 46,XY (MESH:D058490), disorders of sex development (DSD (MESH:D012734), 46,XY (MESH:C536769)
- **Chemicals:** testosterone (MESH:D013739), dihydrotestosterone (MESH:D013196)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## References

29 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12954416/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12954416