# Prevalence of Substance Use in Northwest Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study

## TL;DR

A study in Northwest Syria found high rates of substance use, especially among displaced individuals, highlighting the need for better treatment access amid ongoing conflict.

## Contribution

This study provides the first cross-sectional assessment of substance use patterns in Northwest Syria, linking them to displacement and socio-political factors.

## Key findings

- H-booz (amphetamines), hashish, and tramadol were the most commonly used substances.
- Displaced individuals had twice the odds of substance use compared to non-displaced individuals.
- Higher education and age were protective factors against substance use.

## Abstract

Syria has undergone significant socio-political turmoil since 2011 as internal conflict displaced portions of the population, destroyed infrastructure, and destabilized the economy. In the context of multilevel healthcare system disruptions, there have been increasing reports of substance use. This study seeks to evaluate patterns of substance use in Northwestern Syria.

Trained staff administered questionnaires to community members in Azaz, Syria. Questions focused on the substance use prevalence, societal and public health impacts, and perspectives on treatment availability.

480 individuals were surveyed (80·88% male, 19·12 % female; 43·39% were 18–25 yrs, 11·5% reported personal substance use). H-booz (amphetamines), hashish (cannabis), and tramadol were the top 3 used. Displaced individuals exhibited twice the odds of substance use compared to non-displaced, with higher education and age demonstrating strong protective effects.

The current sociopolitical and economic situation shaped patterns of substance use within Syria, with reported prevalence likely an underestimate given social desirability bias. Those commenting on their use met the criteria for substance use disorder. Results underscore the need for improved access to treatment options in the region.