# Cutaneous leishmaniasis: emerging insights in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment **Authors:** Navin Kumar, Dilip K. Kakru, Rekha Arcot, Sorabh Lakhanpal, Sujeet K. Singh, Sanjay Kumar, Jeffrin Reneus Paul PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1744348 · Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2026-02-17 ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** IL10 (interleukin 10) [NCBI Gene 3586] {aka CSIF, GVHDS, IL-10, IL10A, TGIF}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, CD4 (CD4 molecule) [NCBI Gene 920] {aka CD4mut, IMD79, Leu-3, OKT4D, T4}, IL4 (interleukin 4) [NCBI Gene 3565] {aka BCGF-1, BCGF1, BSF-1, BSF1, IL-4}, IFNG (interferon gamma) [NCBI Gene 3458] {aka IFG, IFI, IMD69}, SLC11A1 (solute carrier family 11 member 1) [NCBI Gene 6556] {aka LSH, NRAMP, NRAMP1} - **Diseases:** neglected tropical diseases (MESH:D058069), cutaneous lesions (MESH:D009059), visceral disease (MESH:D007418), systemic disease (MESH:D034721), visceral leishmaniasis (MESH:D007898), disease (MESH:D004194), Leishmaniasis (MESH:D007896), CL (MESH:D016773), toxicity (MESH:D064420), ulcerative lesions (MESH:D014456), cutaneous infection (MESH:D007239) - **Chemicals:** Sugar (MESH:D000073893), retinoic acid (MESH:D014212), phenolics (-), hypericin (MESH:C004965), amphotericin B (MESH:D000666) - **Species:** Nyssomyia intermedia (species) [taxon 182990], Libidibia ferrea (species) [taxon 191889], Leishmania infantum (species) [taxon 5671], Canis lupus familiaris (dog, subspecies) [taxon 9615], Rhombomys opimus (great gerbil, species) [taxon 186474], Leishmania tropica (species) [taxon 5666], Leishmania aethiopica (species) [taxon 5667], Leishmania mexicana (species) [taxon 5665], Leishmania donovani (species) [taxon 5661], Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly, species) [taxon 7227], Gerbillinae (gerbils, subfamily) [taxon 10045], Diptera (flies, order) [taxon 7147], Leishmania braziliensis (species) [taxon 5660], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606] - **Mutations:** C-27 C ## Full text _Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12954275/full.md ## References 31 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12954275/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12954275