# Carbon reduction potential and selection strategies of emerging construction-phase technologies

## TL;DR

This study evaluates 25 emerging construction technologies and their potential to reduce carbon emissions during the building process.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a data-driven strategy for selecting construction technologies to maximize carbon reduction.

## Key findings

- Prefabrication technologies reduce emissions by over 90% by shifting curing processes to factories.
- Renewable resources and waste reduction technologies significantly cut emissions from energy and transportation.
- A case study shows a 28.49% reduction in on-site emissions using an integrated technology approach.

## Abstract

Carbon reduction has emerged as a critical global challenge. The building sector, as the primary contributor to carbon emissions, stands to benefit substantially from the adoption of emerging technologies during construction. This study quantitatively evaluates the carbon reduction potential of 25 emerging construction technologies, investigates their reduction pathways, and provides a comparative analysis and classification of these techniques. The results demonstrate that renewable resources and waste reduction technologies offer substantial reductions in carbon emissions from energy consumption and waste transportation, presenting a key avenue for achieving carbon neutrality in the construction phase. Prefabrication technologies, which relocate traditional on-site curing processes to factories while retaining only assembly tasks on-site, reduce emissions by over 90%. Technologies streamlining construction processes exhibit varying reduction rates, influenced by their impact on workflows. High-strength and high-performance materials, which optimize concrete and steel use on-site, show the least reduction (< 30%). A phase-specific technology selection strategy is proposed and validated through a case study, which demonstrates a 28.49% reduction in on-site emissions during construction through the integrated application of multiple technologies. In conclusion, this study quantifies the carbon reduction potential and pathways of emerging construction technologies, offering data-driven insights for technology selection, industry adoption, and policy development.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-39122-1.