# Clinical Profile and Admission Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism at a Resource‐Constrained Hospital in Ghana: A Retrospective Pilot Study

## TL;DR

This study examines the clinical features and outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism patients in a Ghanaian hospital, finding a high in-hospital mortality rate and underuse of pretest probability assessments.

## Contribution

The study provides the first clinical insights into acute pulmonary embolism in a resource-constrained setting in Ghana.

## Key findings

- The majority of patients had intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism, with a notable in-hospital mortality rate of 11.8%.
- Pretest probability assessment was infrequently performed, indicating a potential gap in clinical practice.
- Common risk factors included age over 65, immobilization, obesity, and recent surgery.

## Abstract

Pulmonary embolism is a cardiovascular disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of literature regarding this condition from the Ghanaian perspective. This study aimed at evaluating the clinical profile and admission outcomes of patients with acute pulmonary embolism at the Methodist Hospital, Wenchi, Ghana.

A retrospective pilot study was conducted by analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism from September 2023 to March 2025. Data on demographics, clinical manifestations, risk factors, investigations, treatment, and outcomes of admission were collected.

Out of 17 patients enrolled in the study, 11 (64.7%) were females. The mean age was 58.8 ± 13.0 years. The commonest risk factors were age > 65 years (n = 6), immobilization (n = 5), obesity (n = 4), and recent surgery (n = 3). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the predominant comorbidities. Dyspnea (76.5%, n = 13) and chest pain (n = 5) were the most frequent presenting symptoms while tachypnea (70.6%, n = 12), tachycardia (70.6%, n = 12), and hypoxia (52.9%, n = 9) were the commonest clinical signs. Three patients had hemodynamic instability. Pretest probability assessment was infrequently performed (n = 7). Sinus tachycardia (76.5%, n = 13) was the predominant electrocardiographic abnormality. The majority (58.8%, n = 10) had intermediate‐risk pulmonary embolism whereas 3 patients were classified as having high‐risk pulmonary embolism. Two in‐hospital mortalities were recorded.

Clinical features and predisposing factors were largely similar to those described in the literature. Also, pretest probability assessment was underutilized. In‐hospital mortality rate (11.8%) was relatively high. Large‐scale, multicenter prospective studies are recommended to assess long‐term complications of acute pulmonary embolism such as recurrence and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.