# Trends in colorectal cancer cases at a Mexican secondary-care hospital

## TL;DR

This study shows a significant rise in colorectal cancer cases at a Mexican hospital from 2011 to 2021, followed by a sharp decline likely due to the pandemic.

## Contribution

The first study analyzing CRC trends at a secondary-level hospital in Mexico over a 12-year period.

## Key findings

- CRC incidence increased by 17.90% annually from 2011 to 2021, then dropped by 41.34% from 2021 to 2023.
- Males had slightly higher CRC rates than females, and most cases were in individuals aged 50 or older.
- Over half of the patients were diagnosed at advanced stages (III–IV), with no significant sex differences in trends.

## Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health issue, ranking fourth in incidence and third in cancer-related deaths. In 2022, it was most prevalent in Asia, Europe and North America. Although rates in Latin America, including Mexico, are lower, they still represent a substantial public health concern. However, CRC data in Mexico are limited and outdated.

This study aimed to assess the incidence trends of CRC in a secondary-level hospital in Mexico from 2011 to 2023.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 819 individuals with CRC at Regional General Hospital 251 (Mexican Social Security Institute) in Metepec, Mexico. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants and stratified by sex, age group, tumour site and body mass index. Trend analysis was performed using Joinpoint regression models to estimate annual percent change (APC).

CRC incidence showed a significant upward trend (APC = 8.81%; p = 0.01) from 2011 to 2023. A one-joinpoint model revealed an increase from 2011 to 2021 (APC = 17.90%; < 0.01), followed by a sharp decrease from 2021 to 2023 (APC = −41.34%; p = 0.03). Males had slightly higher incidence rates than females; the ≥50 age group showed the highest burden. Over half of the individuals were diagnosed at advanced stages (III–IV), with similar trends observed across the sexes.

CRC incidence increased significantly over the last decade, with a recent drop likely influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite some limitations, this is the first study of CRC trends at a secondary-level hospital in Mexico that underscores the need for enhanced screening and timely diagnosis strategies.