# Meritocracy, Recognition and Double Consciousness: Why Black and Muslim Italians Move to (and Sometimes Leave) Post‐Brexit Britain

## TL;DR

This paper explores how Black and Muslim Italians navigate and interpret meritocracy in Britain and Italy, influenced by their lived experiences and racial identities.

## Contribution

The study introduces a new perspective on meritocracy as embodied practical knowledge shaped by migration and racialized double-consciousness.

## Key findings

- Meritocracy is understood as practical, embodied knowledge rather than a coherent ideology.
- Participants' experiences with racism in Britain do not necessarily undermine their belief in meritocratic ideals.
- Emotional connections and a sense of home can diminish the appeal of meritocratic narratives over time.

## Abstract

This article rethinks meritocratic ideology as practical knowledge that transforms through biographies of social and geographical mobility. Drawing on 37 interviews with Black and Muslim Italians living in Britain or returned to Italy, the article shows that meritocracy is rarely invoked as a coherent ideology but works as practical, embodied commonsense about the world order, with Britain leading a hierarchy of European societies. The article explores three dimensions of meritocratic commonsense and racialised minorities' double‐consciousness (Du Bois). First, 'meritocratic Britain' is not simply a neoliberal narrative, but draws from postcolonial, intergenerational histories of family migration that include desires for equality and security. Second, participants' encounters with British racism do not necessarily challenge beliefs in meritocratic Britain, as being racialised as 'foreigners' in Italy leaves deeper scars on their sense of identity, belonging and recognition. Third, meritocratic Britain can lose emotional resonance when participants feel desires for connectedness and home that are not satisfied by occupational and educational mobility. By centring racialised minorities' double‐consciousness, practical knowledge and struggles for recognition, the article highlights the limitations of false consciousness, misinformation and psychological compensation as explanations for meritocratic belief. Moreover, it unravels how meritocratic narratives transform across life stages.