# Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Enterococcus faecalis from broiler sternal bursitis: antimicrobial resistance and one health risks

## TL;DR

This study characterizes Enterococcus faecalis from poultry bursitis lesions, revealing their antimicrobial resistance and potential health risks.

## Contribution

First genomic and phenotypic analysis of E. faecalis in broiler sternal bursitis within a One Health context.

## Key findings

- E. faecalis isolates showed high resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin but remained susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid.
- Genomic diversity was observed, with multiple sequence types and virulence genes linked to adhesion, biofilm, and proteases.
- Ionophore resistance genes and mobile genetic elements suggest zoonotic risks and gene transfer potential.

## Abstract

Enterococcus spp. are opportunistic bacteria capable of acquiring antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits, facilitating their adaptation to multiple ecological niches. Sternal bursitis, a condition affecting poultry welfare and carcass quality, remains poorly characterized from a microbiological perspective. This study provides the first genomic and phenotypic characterization of Enterococcus isolates from bursitis lesions in broilers, aiming to assess their antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence determinants, and genetic diversity within a One Health framework. A total of 44 Enterococcus isolates were recovered from 48 sternal bursitis lesions, all identified as E. faecalis. Resistance was common for tetracycline (70.5%) and erythromycin (27.3%), while all isolates remained susceptible to critically important antimicrobials, including vancomycin and linezolid. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a genetically diverse population, comprising multiple sequence types, plasmid replicons, and virulence gene profiles, including determinants for adhesion, biofilm formation, capsule synthesis, and extracellular proteases. Ionophore resistance genes (narA, narB) were also detected in several lineages. The coexistence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants, often linked to mobile genetic elements, highlights the potential of lesion-associated with E. faecalis to act as reservoirs of relevant genes with zoonotic implications. Overall, this work highlights the diverse and ecological role of Enterococcus in extraintestinal poultry infections, reinforcing the need for continued genomic surveillance to promote animal health, food safety, and antimicrobial stewardship.