# Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Young Adult With Prior Childhood Leukaemia: A Case Report

## TL;DR

A young adult with a history of childhood leukemia developed a rare aggressive tumor in the eye socket, highlighting diagnostic and treatment challenges.

## Contribution

This case report adds to the limited literature on orbital RMS in young adults with prior cancer history.

## Key findings

- Orbital RMS is rare in young adults and can follow prior cancer treatment.
- Early imaging and biopsy are crucial for diagnosis.
- Managing RMS in patients with prior oncological history is complex.

## Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue malignancy primarily affecting children and adolescents. Orbital involvement is an uncommon presentation, particularly in young adults. In this case, we present a 21-year-old male with a history of childhood leukaemia treated with chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, who presented with a rapidly growing medial orbital mass subsequently diagnosed as RMS. The case emphasises the difficulties in diagnosing the condition, the value of early imaging and biopsy, and the complexities in managing orbital RMS in a patient with a significant oncological history.