# The High-Energy Ion Telescope (HIT) for the Interstellar Mapping And Acceleration Probe (IMAP) Mission

## TL;DR

The HIT instrument on the IMAP mission studies high-energy ions to understand solar particle acceleration and their effects on the outer solar system.

## Contribution

This paper introduces the design and operation of the High-Energy Ion Telescope (HIT) for the IMAP mission.

## Key findings

- HIT measures ions from hydrogen through nickel at energies from a few to tens of MeV/nucleon.
- HIT is sensitive to Solar Energetic Particles, Anomalous Cosmic Rays, and Galactic Cosmic Rays.
- HIT works with other IMAP instruments to study particle acceleration and its impact on the heliosphere.

## Abstract

The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP; McComas et al. in Space Sci Rev 214:116, 2018a; McComas et al. in Space Sci Rev 221:100, 2025) is a NASA mission designed to study two of the most important issues in heliophysics: the interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium and the acceleration of energetic particles. These two puzzles are surprisingly intertwined because particle acceleration in the inner heliosphere plays a large role in the interactions at the edge of the heliosphere. The ten instruments on IMAP, situated near the Earth-Sun L1 Lagrange point, include both in situ and remote-sensing observations and are designed to work together to explore these questions. The High-energy Ion Telescope (HIT), described herein, measures in situ ions from hydrogen through nickel at energies ranging from a few MeV/nucleon to some tens of MeV/nucleon, depending upon species. While the primary focus of HIT is Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs), HIT is also sensitive to Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) that are also present at these energies. Working with the other IMAP instruments, HIT studies how the variation in SEP intensities, spectra, anisotropies, and composition inform the acceleration processes that generate these particles, and, in turn, how these high-energy particles affect the outer heliosphere. This paper details the design and operation of the HIT instrument.