# Bridging Scales in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Mechanisms, Interfaces, and Applications

## TL;DR

This paper explores how flexible perovskite solar cells work at different scales and how their energy dissipation affects performance and durability.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel energy-based perspective to understand and improve flexible perovskite solar cells across multiple scales.

## Key findings

- Energy dissipation mechanisms link microscopic properties to macroscopic mechanics in f-PSCs.
- Crosslinking and polymers are highlighted as key for enhancing mechanical durability and scalability.
- The paper outlines future directions for material innovation and interface engineering in f-PSCs.

## Abstract

Flexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) combine an outstanding efficiency‐to‐cost ratio with excellent mechanical properties, offering unique advantages and promising potential in revolutionary applications. Despite systematic advances in device architectures, perovskite regulation, and interfacial‐layer design, the intrinsic correlations among material properties, mechanical behavior, and failure mechanisms remain inadequately investigated. Here, we highlight an energy‐based understanding of recent progress and future prospects of f‐PSCs across microscale perovskite bulk, mesoscale interfacial coupling, and macroscale device/system‐level management. Specifically, the energy dissipation mechanisms in f‐PSCs critically bridge microscopic physicochemical properties and macroscopic material mechanics, which are essential for determining their mechanical durability and operational longevity. Furthermore, this perspective highlights the transformative potential of f‐PSCs in real‐world applications while addressing future advancements in material innovation, interface engineering, and scalable manufacturing techniques to enhance device performance and commercial viability. As research progresses, f‐PSCs are poised to revolutionize the next‐generation emerging photovoltaics, toward a future of higher power conversion efficiency, superior flexibility, and sustainable scalability.

This perspective focuses on the advancement of flexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) from the energetic point of view, and summarizes the mechanisms, material characteristics, device performance, and failure mechanisms across the microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales through mechanical energy dissipation theory. This work provides novel insights for f‐PSC research and highlights the advantages of crosslinking and polymers.