# Unilateral Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney in a Fetus Associated With Parental Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors: A Case Report

## TL;DR

A fetus with a rare kidney condition is linked to genetic and environmental factors from both parents.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the multifactorial causes of MCDK, including genetic and environmental influences.

## Key findings

- A fetus presented with unilateral MCDK associated with maternal mental health and GERD.
- Paternal occupational lead exposure and PMM2-CDG may contribute to fetal kidney dysplasia.
- The case suggests glycosylation defects and environmental toxins may affect kidney development.

## Abstract

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital renal anomaly identified on prenatal ultrasound. They often arise sporadically and unilaterally. Our case involves an isolated unilateral MCDK in a fetus born to a mother with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with the father having chronic occupational lead exposure and a congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1A (PMM2-CDG). Our case highlights the multifactorial etiology of renal dysplasia and its potential role of glycosylation defects and environmental toxicity in abnormal kidney development. Contributions from genetic, environmental, and metabolic influences during nephrogenesis contribute to MCDK.