# Malathion-induced hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in male chicks

## TL;DR

This study shows how malathion affects blood, liver, and kidney functions in male chicks, helping assess its toxicity.

## Contribution

The study determines malathion's LD50 and its effects on biochemical and hematological parameters in chickens.

## Key findings

- Malathion exposure significantly alters blood cell counts and biochemical markers in chickens.
- Liver enzymes and kidney function indicators increase with higher malathion doses.
- LD50 for malathion in male chicks was determined as 620 mg/kg body weight.

## Abstract

Exposure to malathion has been linked to various toxicities that can affect nearly every organ in the human body. This study aimed to examine how malathion toxicity affects certain sero-biochemical and hematological parameters in chickens in order to determine the harmful effects on the blood, liver, and kidneys.

Two experiments were conducted as part of the study design. Experiments 1 and 2 were used to determine the LD50 value and the hazardous dose in chickens, respectively. In the first experiment, 10 groups of 30 birds each were used. Over a period of 4 weeks, each group was divided into five subgroups (with six birds in each replicate), and one group served as a control. In the second experiment, six groups of birds and one control group of 10 chicks each were used (60 + 10 birds).

The LD50 in this study was found to be 620 mg/kg of body weight. As the hazardous dose of malathion increased, the levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) gradually decreased. Compared to the control group, all treatments had significantly higher red blood cells (RBC) and total leukocyte counts (TLC) (p < 0.01). Albumin and glucose concentrations increased in tandem with the increases in malathion dosages. Significant increases were observed in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Bilirubin, creatinine, and urea levels progressively increased when dosages were increased. Triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels exhibited modest decreases as dosages increased. Toxic levels of malathion had a severe impact on magnesium and inorganic phosphate levels.

Hepatic, renal, and hematological functions are sensitive markers of malathion toxicity. The findings of the study provide a fundamental basis for understanding the acute toxicity of malathion in chickens. This study provides useful information for regulatory monitoring and risk assessment.