# Cardiovascular adverse effects of common non-oncologic medications: from mechanisms to clinical management

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how non-cancer drugs can harm the heart, focusing on mechanisms and clinical implications for managing these effects.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of cardiovascular adverse effects caused by non-oncologic medications and their clinical implications.

## Key findings

- Non-oncologic drugs like antibiotics and anti-diabetics are linked to cardiovascular harm such as arrhythmias and heart failure.
- The paper highlights mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and clinical manifestations of these drug-induced effects.
- It emphasizes the importance of recognizing and managing these adverse effects in everyday cardiovascular practice.

## Abstract

Cardiovascular adverse effects of drugs have significant practical implications for patient management. While cardiovascular adverse effects have commonly been associated with oncologic therapeutics, a growing body of evidence suggests that non-oncologic medications can also be associated with significant cardiovascular harm. These adverse effects range from arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, QT prolongation, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or structural cardiomyopathy. Non-oncologic drugs that have been implicated include antibiotics (e.g. macrolides, fluoroquinolones), antidiabetics (e.g. thiazolidinediones), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs for gastrointestinal and urological conditions, and most importantly, cardiovascular drugs. In this narrative review, we focus on the most common non-oncologic drugs that cause cardiovascular adverse effects, their proposed underlying mechanisms with particular emphasis on their clinical manifestations and clinical implications for everyday cardiovascular practice.

Graphical Abstract
CV Adverse Effects of Non-Oncologic Drugs. This graphical abstract demonstrates cardiovascular adverse effects of non-oncologic drugs and is described by the major drug classes, mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and future directions. AI, artificial intelligence; CNS, central nervous system; CV, cardiovascular; EHR, electronic health record; hERG, human ether-à-go-go-related gene; MI, myocardial infarction; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

CV Adverse Effects of Non-Oncologic Drugs. This graphical abstract demonstrates cardiovascular adverse effects of non-oncologic drugs and is described by the major drug classes, mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and future directions. AI, artificial intelligence; CNS, central nervous system; CV, cardiovascular; EHR, electronic health record; hERG, human ether-à-go-go-related gene; MI, myocardial infarction; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs