# Protective role of aqueous Coriandrum sativum seed extract in diet-induced glucolipid metabolic disorder through gut–liver axis regulation

## TL;DR

This study shows that Coriandrum sativum seed extract can help reverse metabolic issues in mice by improving gut and liver health.

## Contribution

The study reveals the extract's multi-targeted effects on the gut–liver axis, including hepatic metabolism, inflammation, and microbiota.

## Key findings

- The extract reduced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in mice.
- It restored antioxidant defenses and modulated inflammatory gene expression in the liver.
- Beneficial gut microbes like Lactobacillus murinus were partially restored.

## Abstract

To elucidate the protective effects of aqueous Coriandrum sativum seed extract against high-fat, high-sugar diet (HSFD)-induced glucolipid metabolic disorder in mice, with particular focus on gut–liver axis regulation involving hepatic metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition.

Male mice were fed an HSFD and orally treated with Coriandrum sativum seed extract (1.0 or 2.0 g/kg/day) for eight weeks. Biochemical parameters, histopathology, hepatic gene expression, oxidative stress markers, and gut microbial profiles were assessed via standard assays, RT-qPCR, Western blot, histological staining, and full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing with functional prediction.

The extract significantly ameliorated HSFD-induced metabolic impairments, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Histological improvements were observed in the liver, pancreas, and colon. Hepatic expression of FAS, NF-κB, and IL-6 was suppressed, while PPARα and LDLR expression was restored. Antioxidant defenses were enhanced by reducing malondialdehyde and increasing superoxide dismutase activity. Microbiota analysis revealed partial restoration of beneficial taxa such as Lactobacillus murinus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, alongside enrichment of microbial pathways related to energy and carbohydrate metabolism.

Aqueous Coriandrum sativum seed extract exerts systemic metabolic benefits in diet-induced glucolipid dysregulation by targeting the gut–liver axis. Its multi-targeted actions on hepatic metabolism, inflammatory signaling, oxidative balance, and gut microbiota composition support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders.