# Efficacy of major ozone autohemotherapy in patients with post-COVID syndrome

**Authors:** Ozlem Kuculmez

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1720578 · Frontiers in Medicine · 2026-02-13

## TL;DR

This study shows that ozone treatment may help reduce fatigue, anxiety, and depression in patients with post-COVID syndrome.

## Contribution

The study provides new evidence on the efficacy of major ozone autohemotherapy for post-COVID syndrome symptoms.

## Key findings

- Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory scores decreased significantly after ozone treatment.
- FACIT Fatigue Scale scores improved after 10 ozone sessions.
- Short Form-36 quality of life scores showed improvement in all subscales.

## Abstract

It has been suggested that medical ozone treatment may be used for post-COVID syndrome, but there is still a lack of evidence. The aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy of medical ozone treatment in fatigue, anxiety, depression, quality of life, and quality of sleep in patients diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome.

The study was designed as a retrospective medical records review study. It was conducted at Baskent University in patients who had been diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome and accepted 10 sessions of major ozone autohemotherapy. Demographic data, FACIT Fatigue Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Short Form−36 scores were obtained from the hospital database. The scores before and after treatment were compared statistically. p < 0.05 was revealed as statistically significant.

A total of 40 patients were analyzed. Thirty two of them were female, and eight of them were male. It was determined that both Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory scores were decreased after ozone application (p < 0.05). Statistically significant decreases in FACIT scores were obtained after 10 sessions of major blood ozonation (p < 0.05). Additionally, improvement in all subscores of Short Form-36 was determined after the medical ozone treatment (p < 0.05).

The patients suffering from post-COVID syndrome may benefit from major blood ozonation. The treatment may be one of the complementary treatments after COVID-19 infection.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, IL1A (interleukin 1 alpha) [NCBI Gene 3552] {aka IL-1 alpha, IL-1A, IL1, IL1-ALPHA, IL1F1}, IGF1 (insulin like growth factor 1) [NCBI Gene 3479] {aka IGF, IGF-I, IGFI, MGF}, NGF (nerve growth factor) [NCBI Gene 4803] {aka Beta-NGF, HSAN5, NGFB}, BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) [NCBI Gene 627] {aka ANON2, BULN2}, CXCL8 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8) [NCBI Gene 3576] {aka GCP-1, GCP1, IL8, LECT, LUCT, LYNAP}, IL12B (interleukin 12B) [NCBI Gene 3593] {aka CLMF, CLMF2, IL-12B, IMD28, IMD29, NKSF}, CRP (C-reactive protein) [NCBI Gene 1401] {aka PTX1}, NFE2L2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 4780] {aka IMDDHH, NRF2, Nrf-2}, HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1) [NCBI Gene 3162] {aka HMOX1D, HO-1, HSP32, bK286B10}
- **Diseases:** pain (MESH:D010146), Quality (MESH:D012893), inflammation (MESH:D007249), gastrointestinal symptoms (MESH:D012817), headache (MESH:D006261), Anxiety (MESH:D001007), Neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), psychiatric (MESH:D001523), shortness of breath (MESH:D004417), endothelial dysfunction (MESH:D014652), lung involvement (MESH:D008171), muscle weakness (MESH:D018908), cognitive symptoms (MESH:D019954), Fatigue (MESH:D005221), skin rashes (MESH:D005076), autonomic nervous system dysfunction (MESH:D001342), systemic diseases (MESH:D034721), neck pain (MESH:D019547), hypoxia (MESH:D000860), neurologic dysfunction (MESH:D009461), chronic fatigue syndrome (MESH:D015673), fever (MESH:D005334), viral infections (MESH:D014777), daytime dysfunction (MESH:D006970), poor (MESH:D009123), cerebral microvascular injury (MESH:D017566), arthralgia (MESH:D018771), rheumatic disease (MESH:D012216), PH (OMIM:603663), fibromyalgia (MESH:D005356), infection (MESH:D007239), COVID (MESH:D000086382), myalgia (MESH:D063806), musculoskeletal symptoms (MESH:D009140), Depression (MESH:D003866), chronic pain syndrome (MESH:D059350), cognitive difficulties (MESH:D003072), brain fog (MESH:D005222), Post-COVID syndrome (MESH:D000094024), illness (MESH:D002908), infectious diseases (MESH:D003141)
- **Chemicals:** O2 (MESH:D010100), sodium chloride (MESH:D012965), prostaglandins (MESH:D011453), sodium citrate (MESH:D000077559), hydrogen peroxide (MESH:D006861), O3 (MESH:D010126), MBO (-), ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (MESH:C517040), trimethylhydrazinium propionate (MESH:C050147)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## References

32 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12946084/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12946084