# A Robust mmWave Radar Framework for Accurate People Counting and Motion Classification

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a privacy-preserving mmWave radar system that accurately counts people and classifies their movements in indoor environments.

## Contribution

A novel mmWave radar framework using Doppler and range spectrograms with an enhanced ResNet-50 model for occupancy monitoring.

## Key findings

- The system achieves 95.45% accuracy in classifying six types of movements.
- People counting accuracy reaches 98.86% for 0–3 persons in indoor settings.
- The method is robust to Gaussian blur and adapts well with limited data.

## Abstract

People counting and occupancy monitoring play a vital role in applications such as intelligent building management, safety control, and resource optimization in future smart cities. Conventional camera and infrared-based methods often suffer from privacy risks, lighting dependency, and limited robustness in complex indoor environments. In this paper, we present a 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar-based occupancy monitoring system that enables accurate and privacy-preserving people counting. The proposed system leverages echo signals processed through Doppler and range spectrogram and analyzed by an enhanced ResNet-50 deep learning model to classify motion states and count individuals. Experimental results collected in a typical indoor environment demonstrate that the system achieves 95.45% accuracy across 6 classes of movements and 98.86% accuracy for people counting (0–3 persons). The method also shows strong adaptability under limited data and robustness to Gaussian blur interference, providing an efficient and reliable solution for intelligent indoor occupancy monitoring.