# Plant Microtechnique with Resin: Towards Plant Histolomics

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new resin-based method for plant histology that improves image quality and enables quantitative analysis of plant tissues.

## Contribution

The novel resin-based microtechnique and histolomics framework enable reproducible, quantitative plant histology.

## Key findings

- The resin-based method improves section stability and image reproducibility compared to traditional paraffin embedding.
- A trichrome stain and adhesive treatment enhance contrast and allow detailed visualization of tissues and organelles.
- A workflow using MATLAB and Photoshop enables morphometric and compositional analysis of plant histolomes.

## Abstract

Plant microtechnique involves a sequence of skill-intensive histological procedures that often yield poorly reproducible images and limited quantitative information. Nevertheless, it provides an essential cellular and tissue context needed to understand biological functions. In this work, we present an optimized resin-based microtechnique that replaces paraffin embedding, incorporates a chemically activated adhesive treatment for glass slides, and develop a trichrome stain for resin sections. All these improvements enhanced section stability and image reproducibility, enabled a broader color palette with sharp contrast of tissues, cells and organelles, and selected ultrastructural features using light microscopy. Based on these preparations, a quantitative micrograph analysis workflow was developed based on image segmentation and feature extraction using MATLAB (R2024a) and Adobe Photoshop (CS6). This approach enables the measurement of a wide range of morphometric and compositional features, generating structured histological datasets that we refer to as plant histolomes. As an illustrative application, this workflow was applied to leaves from several model plants species and integrated multiple anatomical traits into a composite feature, the “C4 Kranz-anatomy level”, enabling quantitative comparison along the C3-C4 anatomical transition. The resin-based microtechnique and the histolomics framework developed in this work provide a robust and reproducible basis for the quantitative plant histology, bridging classical microscopy with a data-driven tissue analysis.