# Nano-Enabled Solutions for Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Soil Contaminant Remediation: A Review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how nanotechnology can help plants withstand environmental stresses and clean up polluted soils, while also addressing potential risks.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of the novel mechanisms and applications of nanoparticles in plant stress tolerance and soil remediation.

## Key findings

- Nanoparticles can enhance plant stress tolerance and improve crop productivity under abiotic stress conditions.
- NPs also play a role in soil remediation by mitigating contamination from heavy metals and other pollutants.
- The review highlights the need for risk assessments and better management strategies for nanoparticle use in agriculture.

## Abstract

Global agriculture and food security are under serious threat from abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought, heavy metals, and extreme temperatures. While industrial development has driven progress, it has also intensified environmental challenges and contributed to declining crop productivity. Tackling these issues demands innovative and sustainable solutions. Nanotechnology has emerged as an effective approach to enhance stress tolerance, improve nutrient use efficiency, and increase crop yield and quality. This review critically examines the expanding role of nanoparticles (NPs) in mitigating abiotic stresses and promoting sustainable agricultural systems. While several studies have investigated the use of NPs in stress mitigation, ongoing research continues to reveal novel mechanisms and applications, highlighting the untapped potential of nanotechnology in plant science. The review discusses the impact of abiotic stress on plant growth and physiology, followed by a detailed analysis of the mechanisms through which NPs confer stress tolerance. Particular attention is given to the interaction of NPs with phytohormones and other growth regulators, as well as their role in the remediation of contaminated soils. Furthermore, the review highlights the dual role of NPs in stress alleviation and environmental remediation, while also considering emerging concerns about their potential ecological and toxicological impacts. Emphasis is placed on the need for risk assessments and effective management strategies. The review also identifies key knowledge gaps and methodological limitations, offering recommendations to guide future research in this emerging field.