# Optical Biosensors and Applications

**Authors:** Esmaeil Heydari, Hossein Zare-Behtash

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/s26041104 · 2026-02-08

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CagA [NCBI Gene 48200769]
- **Diseases:** AMR (MESH:C565965), injury to (MESH:D014947), diabetes (MESH:D003920), hypoglycemia (MESH:D007003)
- **Chemicals:** water (MESH:D014867), carbapenem (MESH:D015780), heavy metals (MESH:D019216), Mn (MESH:D008345), Glucose (MESH:D005947), histamine (MESH:D006632), Gold (MESH:D006046), organosilanes (MESH:D017646), GPTMS (-), Silicon (MESH:D012825), Oxygen (MESH:D010100), Chitosan (MESH:D048271), thiol (MESH:D013438)
- **Species:** Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 2697049], Meleagris gallopavo (common turkey, species) [taxon 9103], Listeria monocytogenes (species) [taxon 1639], Bacteria Latreille et al. 1825 (Bacteria stick insect, genus) [taxon 629395], Helicobacter pylori (species) [taxon 210], Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast, species) [taxon 4932], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12944001