Prevotella-Based Bacterial Mixture Influences Gut Microbiota Composition in Weaned Piglets

TL;DR

A bacterial mixture containing Prevotella species was tested in piglets and altered gut microbiota composition after weaning.

Contribution

A novel Prevotella-based bacterial mixture is proposed as a potential probiotic for modifying gut microbiota in weaned piglets.

Findings

The Prevotella mixture increased Prevotella, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium in piglet gut microbiota.

Experimental piglets showed higher abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae families.

Control piglets had higher levels of Pasteurellaceae and Methanobacteriaceae families.

Abstract

Based on previous knowledge on changes in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets, a mixture of five different Prevotella species, Anaerovibrio lipolyticus, and Mitsuokella multacida (a Prevotella mixture) was tested as potentially novel type of probiotics for weaned Large White piglets of mixed sexes. The mixture was provided orally on the day of weaning to piglets in the experimental group, and the microbiota composition at weaning and one week later was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing in rectal swabs of 14 control and 27 experimental piglets. Bacteroides and Escherichia significantly decreased, and Prevotella, Blautia, or Faecalibacterium increased in the microbiota of both control and experimental piglets one week after weaning. Bacteria from the Prevotella mixture were detected in the gut microbiota of experimental piglets; however, the same bacteria of environmental origin were also recorded in control piglets. Despite this, early and uniform administration of the Prevotella mixture affected the composition of the gut microbiota of experimental piglets one week after weaning. The families Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae were more abundant in the gut microbiota of experimental piglets, while Pasteurellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Bacteroidales RF16 group, and Methanobacteriaceae were more abundant in control piglets. The Prevotella-based bacterial mixture thus may represent a novel approach to modify gut microbiota and consequently gut health in weaned piglets.

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