# The Influence of Transgenic Maize on the Endophytic Microorganisms of Eisenia fetida

## TL;DR

This study shows that transgenic maize residues can change the gut microbes of earthworms over time, even if they don't harm the worms directly.

## Contribution

The study reveals the temporal reshaping of earthworm microbiomes by transgenic plant residues, emphasizing microbiome inclusion in ecological risk assessments.

## Key findings

- Transgenic plant residues altered the fungal community structure on days 14 and 28.
- Bacterial changes were delayed, with 22 biomarkers enriched on day 21.
- The research highlights the need to include microbiome assessments in ecological risk evaluations.

## Abstract

To evaluate the comprehensive ecological risks associated with transgenic plant residues, this study examined their impact on Eisenia fetida and their endogenous microorganisms. The results indicated that transgenic plant residues did not influence the survival or weight of E. fetida, but they significantly altered the microbial community structure at specific time points. Specifically, the diversity and structure of the fungal community exhibited significant changes on the 14th and 28th days after treatment. In contrast, the bacterial response was delayed, with 22 biomarkers, including Caproiciproducens, Lachnoclostridium, and Enterococcus, being specifically enriched on the 21st day. This study confirmed that transgenic plant residues can temporally reshape the microecology within E. fetida. The practical significance of this research lies in highlighting the importance of incorporating the microbiome into safety assessment frameworks, thereby providing a scientific foundation for developing more forward-looking ecological risk assessment standards.