# Influence of Inlet Splitter Structure on Flow and Heat Transfer Performance in Microchannel Heat Exchangers

## TL;DR

This study examines how inlet splitter structures affect flow and heat transfer in microchannel heat exchangers, showing that triple-inlet designs improve performance.

## Contribution

The study introduces a systematic comparison of single-inlet and triple-inlet microchannel configurations using PIV for flow visualization.

## Key findings

- Triple-inlet structures provide more uniform flow distribution and lower peak temperatures compared to single-inlet designs.
- Heat transfer performance improves with triple-inlet configurations, with pressure drops reduced to 11.1–26.6% of single-inlet setups.
- Smaller channel spacings enhance heat transfer efficiency in microchannels.

## Abstract

Microchannel liquid cooling technology, characterized by high heat-transfer efficiency, represents an effective solution for thermal management in high heat-flux density electronic devices. Existing research has mainly focused on optimizing the structural design of microchannel heat sinks, while neglecting the specific effects of inlet manifold configurations on their heat transfer and flow performance. To obtain more systematic data on microchannel heat transfer performance and internal velocity distribution, this study designed microchannels with single-inlet and triple-inlet configurations. A microchannel cooling performance testing platform was established, and visualization experiments of the internal flow field in straight microchannels were conducted using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. The velocity distribution uniformity and heat transfer performance were compared between single-inlet and triple-inlet microchannels with varying channel spacings. The results show that under the same flow conditions, the triple-inlet splitter structure yields a more uniform flow distribution, a lower peak temperature for the heat source chip, and improved heat transfer performance, with its pressure drop reduced to 11.1–26.6% of that of the single-inlet configuration. Furthermore, smaller channel spacings yield improved heat-transfer efficiency in microchannels.