# Gandouling Inhibits the Sinusoid Capillarization Associated with Liver Fibrosis in Wilson’s Disease by Blocking the Communication Between Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

## TL;DR

Gandouling (GDL) reduces liver fibrosis in Wilson’s disease by blocking communication between liver cells, potentially offering a new treatment approach.

## Contribution

The study reveals a novel mechanism by which GDL inhibits sinusoid capillarization in liver fibrosis through PDGFRβ/ERK/VEGFA signaling.

## Key findings

- GDL alleviated liver fibrosis and inhibited sinusoid capillarization in Wilson’s disease mouse models.
- GDL blocked VEGFA-mediated communication between hepatic stellate cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells.
- GDL reduced PDGFRβ/ERK signaling and VEGFA expression, improving Wilson’s disease outcomes.

## Abstract

Background: Gandouling (GDL) is a compound prepared in Chinese medicine and demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy. Studies have shown that sinusoid capillarization promoted hepatic fibrosis and was a potential target for preventing and treating liver fibrosis in Wilson’s disease (WD). This study aimed to explore whether GDL inhibited the sinusoid capillarization in WD by blocking the communication between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Methods: In this study, Atp7b-H1071Q (TX) mice were used as the WD model mice, and CuSO4⋅5H2O treated LX-2 cells were used as the HSC activation model. We used scanning electron microscopy, vascular tube formation assay, Western blot, cell transfection, and co-culture system to study how GDL blocked the communication between HSCs and LSECs, as well as its inhibitory effect on the sinusoid capillarization. Results: We found that GDL alleviated liver fibrosis in TX mice, inhibited HSC activation, and sinusoid capillarization in TX mice. Excessive secreted VEGFA by LX-2 cells promoted the sinusoid capillarization, played the role of a messenger molecule, and GDL blocked the VEGFA-mediated HSCs-LSECs communication. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics suggested that GDL may exert its effect by modulating the PDGFRβ/ERK/VEGFA signaling axis. We validated the above observation through experiments, that GDL reduced PDGFRβ/ERK signal pathway in LX-2 cells, inhibited the expression of messenger molecule VEGFA, blocked HSCs-LSECs communication, inhibited sinusoid capillarization, and improved WD. Conclusions: GDL blocked the communication between HSCs and LSECs and inhibited the sinusoid capillarization associated with liver fibrosis in WD by the PDGFRβ/ERK/VEGFA signaling axis.