This paper is marked retracted in the scholarly record (OpenAlex). Interpret its findings with caution.
RETRACTED: Johnson et al. Effect of Education on Adherence to Recommended Prenatal Practices Among Indigenous Ngäbe–Buglé Communities of Panama. Medicina 2024, 60, 1055
Sabrina M. Johnson, Erin N. Kelly, Benjamin LaBrot, Kristen Ryczak

Abstract
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
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Taxonomy
TopicsMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare · Global Maternal and Child Health · Health, Education, and Cultural Studies
The journal retracts the article titled “Effect of Education on Adherence to Recommended Prenatal Practices among Indigenous Ngäbe–Buglé Communities of Panama” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the study’s compliance with Panamanian legislation governing ethical approval requirements.
In accordance with standard journal procedures, the Editorial Office and Editorial Board conducted an investigation, with the input from the National Committee on Research Bioethics of Panama. The investigation confirmed that, while Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was gained, approval from the National Committee on Research Bioethics, as required by national law, had not been secured prior to the commencement of this study. The authors fully cooperated with the investigation and formally requested the retraction of their publication.
As a result, the Editorial Board have decided to retract this paper as per MDPI’s retraction policy.
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of Medicina.
The authors agree with this decision.
The reference list from the paper itself. Each links out to its DOI / PubMed record.
