# Microextraction Technologies as Exposomic Sensors for On-Site Environmental Air Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds: A Review of Commercially Available Technologies

## TL;DR

This paper reviews microextraction technologies for on-site air monitoring of volatile organic compounds, highlighting their role in green analytical chemistry and field-based exposome research.

## Contribution

A critical review of fourteen commercially available microextraction technologies for VOC monitoring, emphasizing their integration with field-deployable detection platforms.

## Key findings

- Microextraction technologies enable solvent-free, miniaturized, and field-deployable VOC monitoring aligned with green analytical chemistry.
- Fourteen METs are evaluated for their analytical performance, commercial availability, and real-world validation.
- METs are compatible with portable detection systems and show promise in wearable and drone-based applications.

## Abstract

Microextraction Technologies (METs) have emerged as pivotal exposomic sensors for the on-site monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in ambient air. By integrating sampling and sample preparation into a single step, METs provide solvent-free, miniaturized, and field-deployable solutions that align with the principles of green analytical chemistry. This review critically examines fourteen commercially available METs, selected for their demonstrated analytical performance, commercial accessibility, and validation in real-world environments. These devices represent the current state of practice in exposomics, enabling both short-term hotspot detection and long-term exposure assessment. Particular attention is given to their compatibility with transportable and portable detection platforms, including vehicle-mounted and hand-held gas chromatography/mass spectrometry systems, where METs function as front-end concentrators that enhance sensitivity and spatial resolution. This review further discusses emerging applications in wearable formats and unmanned aerial vehicles, underscoring the role of METs in bridging laboratory-grade precision with field-based exposome research. By situating METs within the broader exposomic workflow of sampling, detection, and interpretation, this work identifies current technological gaps and outlines priorities for advancing robust, scalable, and environmentally sustainable exposure assessment strategies.