# From Photoluminescence Optimization to Green LED Fabrication: The Role of Molar Precursor Ratio in Carbon Dots

## TL;DR

This paper shows how adjusting the molar ratio of precursors during carbon dot synthesis improves their green light emission and enables efficient green LEDs.

## Contribution

The study establishes a direct link between precursor ratio engineering and green LED fabrication using carbon dots.

## Key findings

- Optimized molar precursor ratios enhance photoluminescence efficiency and suppress solid-state quenching in green carbon dots.
- Green carbon dots with improved optical properties are successfully integrated into LEDs for efficient green emission.
- Precursor ratio engineering provides a reproducible pathway from material synthesis to device fabrication.

## Abstract

What are the main findings?
Molar precursor ratio critically governs carbon dot photoluminescence efficiency.Optimized ratios suppress solid-state quenching in green-emitting carbon dots.Green carbon dots are successfully integrated as color-conversion layers in Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

Molar precursor ratio critically governs carbon dot photoluminescence efficiency.

Optimized ratios suppress solid-state quenching in green-emitting carbon dots.

Green carbon dots are successfully integrated as color-conversion layers in Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

What are the implications of the main findings?
Precursor ratio engineering enables reproducible, high-efficiency green emitters.Optimized carbon dots allow efficient solid-state color-conversion LED fabrication.The study links carbon dot synthesis directly to green LED device realization.

Precursor ratio engineering enables reproducible, high-efficiency green emitters.

Optimized carbon dots allow efficient solid-state color-conversion LED fabrication.

The study links carbon dot synthesis directly to green LED device realization.

Carbon dots have emerged as promising luminescent materials for solid-state lighting and color-conversion applications; however, their photoluminescence efficiency in the solid state is often limited by aggregation-induced quenching phenomena. In this work, we systematically investigate the role of the molar precursor ratio on the optical properties of green-emitting carbon dots, with the aim of establishing a direct link between synthesis parameters, photoluminescence optimization, and device-level performance. By carefully tuning the precursor ratio during synthesis, a significant enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and a strong suppression of solid-state quenching are achieved while preserving spectral stability in the green region. The optimized carbon dots exhibit improved radiative recombination and favorable optical characteristics for solid-state integration. Building on these results, the carbon dots are successfully employed as color-conversion layers in the fabrication of green light-emitting diodes, demonstrating efficient green emission under electrical excitation. This study highlights precursor ratio engineering as a simple and effective strategy to tailor carbon dot photoluminescence and provides a clear pathway from materials optimization to the realization of green color-conversion LED devices.