# Affective Temperaments and Anger in Patients with Tinnitus and High-Frequency Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

## TL;DR

This study explores how hearing loss types and emotional traits relate to tinnitus severity and psychological distress in patients.

## Contribution

The study links audiometric profiles with affective temperaments and anger in tinnitus patients for the first time.

## Key findings

- Gently sloping hearing loss was associated with longer tinnitus duration and greater quality-of-life impairment.
- Ski-slope hearing loss correlated with higher cyclothymic temperament scores.
- Anger and anxious temperaments were strongly linked to tinnitus severity and sleep disturbance.

## Abstract

Background and Objectives: Chronic tinnitus in patients with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is frequently linked to psychological distress and affective temperament traits. This study examined audiological characteristics, psychological profiles, and their interrelations in adults with tinnitus. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional single-centre study, 38 adults with chronic tinnitus and bilateral SNHL underwent otoscopy, tympanometry, and pure-tone audiometry. Participants were classified into two audiometric groups: high-frequency gently sloping (N = 19) and ski-slope hearing loss (N = 19). The audiological and psychological assessment included the THI, TFI, TEMPS-A, and STAXI-2. Groups were compared using non-parametric statistics (Mann–Whitney U, Chi-square). Relationships between anger and psychological variables were examined using Spearman correlations. Results: Females were more frequently represented in the gently sloping group (p = 0.044) and showed greater quality-of-life impairment (p = 0.045) and lower hyperthymic scores (p = 0.004). Patients with gently sloping loss had longer tinnitus duration (p = 0.026), while cyclothymic temperament was higher in the ski-slope group (p = 0.013). THI scores differed significantly between audiometric groups (p = 0.011). State and trait anger were strongly associated with several affective temperaments, and sleep disturbance correlated with both anger and anxious temperament. THI correlated positively with anxious temperament and sleep impairment. Conclusions: Audiometric phenotype, affective temperament, and anger-related traits are closely intertwined with tinnitus severity and its psychological burden. These findings support the need for multidisciplinary assessment in the management of tinnitus.