Magnetic Field-Guided Magnetic Nanoparticles as Neurotherapeutics for Neurological Disorders and Glioblastoma

TL;DR

This review explores how magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles can be used to treat neurological disorders and brain cancer by improving targeted drug delivery and therapy effectiveness.

Contribution

The paper introduces exosome–magnetic nanoparticle complexes as a novel approach for targeted neurotherapeutics.

Findings

Magnetic nanoparticles show potential for crossing the blood–brain barrier and delivering therapies to the brain.

Exosome–magnetic complexes enhance targeting and biocompatibility for neurological treatments.

Magnetic fields can guide nanoparticles to specific brain regions, improving therapeutic outcomes.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and stroke, are among the most devastating neurological disorders worldwide. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rapidly growing cancer that originates in astrocytes in the brain. It invades and damages the nervous system. Current treatment options remain limited, primarily due to poor blood–brain barrier penetration, lack of targeted delivery, and limited efficacy in slowing disease progression or promoting functional recovery. In recent years, magnetic fields (MFs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, with mechanisms of action that include direct neuromodulation and the guidance of magnetically responsive nanocarriers to the lesion. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), owing to their unique magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to external MFs, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurological diseases and glioblastoma. Exosome–magnetic complexes combine biological carriers with magnetic responsiveness to enhance targeting and biocompatibility for the treatment of neurological diseases and glioblastoma. This review highlights recent advances in magnetic field- and MNP-based neuroprotective strategies and explores new methods for targeted intervention and translational research using exosome–MNP complexes.

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