# Ascomycetous Endophytic Fungi Drive Root Fungal Community Assembly in Wheat Under Moderate Drought

## TL;DR

This study shows that certain fungi in wheat roots help the plants tolerate drought by forming a specific community under dry conditions.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific drought-adaptive fungal genera and their roles in enhancing wheat drought tolerance.

## Key findings

- Drought stress increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota fungi in wheat roots to 86.4%.
- Stachybotrys, Fusarium, and Aspergillus showed significant increases in relative abundance under drought.
- A drought-specific fungal community centered on these genera enhances crop drought tolerance.

## Abstract

Drought stress severely limits wheat growth, development and yield. Endophytic fungi play a crucial role in plant growth and drought resistance. In agricultural production, they hold significant application potential as biocontrol agents capable of mitigating drought-induced damage. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in endophytic fungal community structure under drought stress remain unclear. Our study employed amplicon sequencing to investigate the structure of endophytic fungal communities in wheat roots under different water treatments, comparing structural and functional changes between different treatments. Results revealed that drought stress led to the greatest accumulation of relative abundance in the phylum Ascomycota (86.4%). At the genus level, Stachybotrys (increase 994.2%), Fusarium (increase 94.6%) and Aspergillus (increase 295.6%) showed the most significant increases in relative abundance. Co-occurrence network and Sankey diagram analysis revealed that wheat roots formed a drought-specific endophytic fungal community centered around Stachybotrys, Fusarium and Aspergillus, which indirectly enhanced crop drought tolerance. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for future agricultural strategies to improve crop drought resistance through precise regulation of microbial communities.