# Impact of Cold Radiofrequency Air Plasma Treatment on the Bulk Properties of Polypropylene Films

## TL;DR

Cold plasma treatment improves the mechanical and surface properties of polypropylene films, with changes in toughness and hydrophobicity over time.

## Contribution

The study reveals how cold radiofrequency air plasma treatment alters both bulk and surface properties of polypropylene films.

## Key findings

- Plasma treatment increases maximal elongation, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness of polypropylene films.
- Hydrophilization followed by hydrophobic recovery occurs on the surface of plasma-treated films.
- Surface oxidation and functionalization are confirmed by the presence of C–O, C=O, and COOH groups.

## Abstract

Extruded polypropylene (PP) films were exposed to cold air plasma treatment, which resulted in significant changes in their bulk properties. The maximal elongation, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and toughness of the films were increased. The toughness of the films increased from UT0=(3323±400) MPa to UT_PT=(4434±400) MPa, which is due to the growth of both the maximal elongation and the UTS of the plasma-treated samples. We relate the improvement of the mechanical properties of PP to the morphological transformations revealed in the plasma-treated PP films. Plasma treatment of PP samples was also followed by the modification of their surface properties. Plasma treatment resulted in hydrophilization of PP films followed by hydrophobic recovery. The bulk and surface properties of the plasma-treated PP films evolve with time. The following hierarchy of the temporal scales related to the studied relaxation processes is established: τHR>τε=τT=τUTS>τE, where τHR, τε, τT, τUTS and τE are the time scales of the change in the apparent contact angle (hydrophobic recovery), elongation, toughness, ultimate tensile strength, and Young modulus, respectively. The longest of the relaxation times is related to the surface processes, i.e., hydrophobic recovery. The stress–strain curves of the untreated virgin and plasma-treated PP are well described with the twin-slope linear dependencies. The post-plasma-treatment recovery of the tangent modulus is reported. Cold plasma treatment of polypropylene produces surface oxidation and functionalization, evidenced by the emergence of C–O, C=O, and COOH functionalities.