# Biocompatible Electrospun Biomaterials for Advancing Thermoregulating Wearable Sensors in Next-Generation Smart Textiles

## TL;DR

This paper reviews biocompatible electrospun materials for smart textiles that can regulate temperature and sense environmental factors while being sustainable.

## Contribution

The paper offers a comprehensive review of electrospun biomaterials and their potential in thermoregulating wearable sensors.

## Key findings

- Electrospun biomaterials offer flexibility, high surface area, and biocompatibility for wearable sensors.
- Natural and synthetic polymers can be used to create nanofibrous mats with thermal and sensing capabilities.
- Challenges remain in scalability, durability, and recyclability of these materials.

## Abstract

The rapid growth of electronic devices, including wearable sensors, has increased electronic waste, driving interest in sustainable, biocompatible materials. Electrospun biomaterials have emerged as versatile substrates for multifunctional wearable textiles, offering flexibility, high surface area, tunable porosity, and biocompatibility. Using natural polymers (e.g., silk fibroin, cellulose, chitosan) and synthetic polymers (e.g., polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, PVDF), electrospinning produces nanofibrous mats capable of supporting thermal regulation, moisture management, and integrated sensing for pressure, temperature, humidity, or chemical detection. Nature-inspired designs, hybrid composites, and advanced architectures enable passive and active thermoregulation via phase-change materials, thermochromic dyes, hydrogels, and conductive nanofibers, while maintaining wearer comfort, breathability, and skin safety. Despite progress, challenges persist in durability, washability, energy efficiency, manufacturing scalability, and recyclability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of biomaterials, fabrication techniques, multifunctional sensor integration, and thermoregulation strategies, highlighting opportunities for next-generation wearable textiles that combine sustainability, adaptive thermal management, and high-performance sensing.