# Research Progress on Interfacial Design and Mechanical Optimization of Graphene-Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites

## TL;DR

This paper reviews progress in making titanium composites stronger with graphene, focusing on improving dispersion and interface design.

## Contribution

The paper systematically synthesizes current research on fabrication techniques and interfacial strategies for graphene-reinforced titanium composites.

## Key findings

- Uniform dispersion of graphene and mitigation of TiC formation remain key challenges in composite fabrication.
- Surface modification and multiscale interface engineering improve both strength and toughness of composites.
- Future directions include intelligent process optimization and structured composite manufacturing for better reliability.

## Abstract

Graphene (GR) demonstrates significant potential in enhancing the mechanical performance of titanium matrix composites (TMCs), particularly by improving their tensile strength, fracture toughness, and fatigue resistance, thereby optimizing the overall structural integrity and durability of the composites; however, their practical implementation confronts two fundamental challenges: achieving uniform dispersion and mitigating excessive interfacial TiC formation, which compromises mechanical properties. This review comprehensively explores progress in the fabrication, interfacial design, and mechanical optimization of TMCs reinforced with graphene-based materials. Various processing techniques, such as powder metallurgy (PM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), are critically analyzed in terms of their advantages and limitations for producing high-performance TMCs. This article analyzes how key parameters in processes like PM and SPS affect graphene structure, dispersion, and interfacial reactions. It outlines strategies—including surface modification, 3D structural design, and multiscale interface engineering—that enhance both strength and toughness. While progress has been made in microscale performance, challenges remain in engineering stability and long-term reliability. Future work should focus on intelligent process optimization and architectured composite manufacturing. By systematically synthesizing existing research findings, this article clarifies the advantages and limitations of current technological approaches, providing a theoretical foundation and technical roadmap for the subsequent development of graphene-reinforced TMCs that exhibit high strength, high toughness, and excellent reliability.