# Pharmacological and Medicinal Properties of the South American Medicinal Plant Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth and Its Bioactive Products

## TL;DR

This review explores the medicinal uses and bioactive compounds of the South American plant Bowdichia virgilioides, highlighting its potential for treating various diseases.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacological and phytochemical properties of B. virgilioides, emphasizing key bioactive compounds.

## Key findings

- Aqueous and organic extracts of B. virgilioides show anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
- Key bioactive compounds include ormosanine, vouacapane, lupeol, and isoquercetin with documented pharmacological effects.
- The study identifies 37 terpenoids, 8 alkaloids, and 21 flavonoids contributing to the plant's medicinal value.

## Abstract

Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth is a tree largely present in South America, notably in the Cerrado savannah. The species is known for the quality of its dense and resistant wood, used in construction and furnishing. B. virgilioides is also a medicinal plant used, from leaves to roots, for the treatment of various human pathologies (pharyngitis, bronchitis, healing wounds, diabetes, and arthritis). The present review provides an analysis of the scientific literature pertaining to B. virgilioides, with a focus on pharmacological activities. Aqueous and organic extracts have been used to treat inflammatory pathologies and to combat infectious diseases caused by microorganisms and parasites. All phytochemicals at the origin of the bioactivities of extracts have been identified, including 37 terpenoids, 8 alkaloids, 21 flavonoids and 13 other products. All natural products are discussed, with a focus on a dozen compounds with well-documented pharmacological properties and/or a known mechanism of action. Key products include ormosanine (alkaloid), vouacapane (diterpenoid), lupeol (terpenoid), isoquercetin (flavonoid), isocordoin (chalcone), and little-known specific products (bowdichine and bowdenol). The botanical and phytochemical analysis shed light on this valuable Fabaceae species with the objective to promote its preservation and cultivation, as well as further pharmacological investigations aimed at rationalizing its long-established ethnobotanical use.