# Personalized Treatments for Functional Disorders of the Sphincter of Oddi: A Short Muscle with a Long History of Discussion and Controversies

## TL;DR

This review discusses the role of the sphincter of Oddi in digestive health and explores personalized treatment approaches for its functional disorders.

## Contribution

The paper emphasizes the need for individualized, non-invasive treatment strategies for functional sphincter of Oddi disorders.

## Key findings

- Functional disorders of the sphincter of Oddi require conservative, patient-centered treatment.
- Organic diseases of the sphincter often necessitate invasive endoscopic interventions.
- Patient and family involvement is crucial in managing functional sphincter disorders.

## Abstract

The sphincter of Oddi (OS) is a small group of smooth muscles that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the flow of biliopancreatic secretions into the duodenal lumen. Its motility, including phasic contractions and relaxation, is under complex neurohumoral control. Organic or functional obstruction of the OS is an important factor in severe diseases, such as cholangitis and pancreatitis, as well as in functional disorders and recurrent abdominal pain. In this review, we summarize the function of the OS, its disorders, and their diagnostic methods and potential therapeutics. While organic diseases of the papilla often require invasive, mainly endoscopic, treatment, functional disorders should be managed with conservative, individualized treatment, and involve the patient and their family in decision-making.