# Diagnosis of Lung Diseases in the Artificial Intelligence Era

**Authors:** Kostas A. Papavassiliou, Amalia A. Sofianidi, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/ijms27041796 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2026-02-13

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CD274 (CD274 molecule) [NCBI Gene 29126] {aka ADMIO5, B7-H, B7H1, PD-L1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1}, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [NCBI Gene 1956] {aka ERBB, ERBB1, ERRP, HER1, NISBD2, NNCIS}, KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase) [NCBI Gene 3845] {aka 'C-K-RAS, C-K-RAS, CFC2, K-RAS2A, K-RAS2B, K-RAS4A}
- **Diseases:** ILD (MESH:D017563), lung crackles (MESH:D012135), Obstructive lung diseases (MESH:D008173), cough (MESH:D003371), PAH (MESH:D000081029), metastasis (MESH:D009362), NSCLC (MESH:D002289), I (MESH:D006969), COPD (MESH:D029424), common cold (MESH:D003139), lung adenocarcinoma (MESH:D000077192), pleural effusions (MESH:D010996), AI (MESH:C538142), asthma (MESH:D001249), Lung Diseases (MESH:D008171), cancer (MESH:D009369), Lung cancer (MESH:D008175), injury to (MESH:D014947), inflammation (MESH:D007249)
- **Chemicals:** formalin (MESH:D005557), paraffin (MESH:D010232)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]
- **Mutations:** L858R

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## References

35 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12941185/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12941185