# The Left Axillary Artery as an Alternative Inflow Source in Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Safety, Feasibility, and Mid-Term Outcomes

## TL;DR

This study shows that using the left axillary artery as an alternative blood source in heart bypass surgery is safe and effective, with outcomes similar to traditional methods.

## Contribution

Demonstrates the left axillary artery as a viable alternative inflow source in minimally invasive coronary surgery.

## Key findings

- AXA group had comparable intraoperative hemodynamic performance to the ascending aorta group.
- Early graft occlusion rates were similar between AXA and ascending aorta groups.
- Mid-term survival and adverse event rates were not significantly different between the two groups.

## Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and mid-term outcomes of using the left axillary artery (AXA) as an alternative inflow source for the proximal anastomosis of the saphenous vein graft (SVG) in MICS-CABG, focusing on intraoperative graft haemodynamics, early patency, and clinical outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent MICS-CABG between April 2020 and August 2025 at a single center. Patients were divided into two groups based on the inflow source: the ascending aorta (n = 292) or the left axillary artery (n = 90). After propensity score matching, 80 matched pairs were analyzed. Intraoperative graft haemodynamics were assessed. Early graft patency was evaluated using coronary angiography or CT angiography. Mid-term outcomes, including overall survival and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), were compared between groups. Results: Both groups demonstrated comparable intraoperative hemodynamic performance. The AXA group demonstrated an early graft occlusion rate comparable to that of the AOR group (1.32% vs. 3.16%, RR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.08–2.11, and p = 0.45). Overall survival (93.2% vs. 100%, p = 0.06) and the MACCE-free metric (91.9% vs. 92.1%, p = 0.83) showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusions: The left axillary artery is a safe and feasible alternative inflow source in MICS-CABG. This approach provides acceptable intraoperative flow dynamics, early patency, and mid-term outcomes to conventional ascending aortic inflow.