# The Influence of Elementary School Personnel’s Achievement Goal Orientation on CPR Education Immersion and Self-Management

## TL;DR

This study shows that how school staff are motivated affects their engagement in CPR training and ability to self-manage skills, which is important for saving lives.

## Contribution

The study identifies mastery-oriented motivation as a novel predictor of CPR training immersion and self-management among school personnel.

## Key findings

- Achievement goal orientation is significantly linked to greater immersion in CPR education.
- Task goal orientation positively influences self-management of CPR skills.
- Cognitive and behavioral immersion during training predict better self-management.

## Abstract

Public health relevance—How does this work relate to a public health issue?
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by school personnel is a critical determinant of survival in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Understanding motivational and psychological factors that influence engagement in CPR training is essential for strengthening school-based emergency preparedness.

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by school personnel is a critical determinant of survival in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Understanding motivational and psychological factors that influence engagement in CPR training is essential for strengthening school-based emergency preparedness.

Public health significance—Why is this work of significance to public health?
This study demonstrates that achievement goal orientation is significantly associated with immersion in CPR education and self-management among elementary school personnel.Mastery-oriented motivation was identified as a key factor promoting sustained self-regulatory behaviors relevant to emergency response readiness.

This study demonstrates that achievement goal orientation is significantly associated with immersion in CPR education and self-management among elementary school personnel.

Mastery-oriented motivation was identified as a key factor promoting sustained self-regulatory behaviors relevant to emergency response readiness.

Public health implications—What are the key implications or messages for practitioners, policy makers and/or researchers in public health?
CPR training programs for school personnel should adopt mastery-oriented, learner-centered strategies to enhance engagement and long-term skill maintenance.Educational policies should incorporate motivational and self-regulation components, in addition to procedural instruction, to improve the effectiveness of school-based CPR training.

CPR training programs for school personnel should adopt mastery-oriented, learner-centered strategies to enhance engagement and long-term skill maintenance.

Educational policies should incorporate motivational and self-regulation components, in addition to procedural instruction, to improve the effectiveness of school-based CPR training.

Despite mandatory cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for elementary school personnel in South Korea, current programs are often delivered as uniform, compliance-oriented sessions that prioritize procedural completion over sustained engagement and self-regulated practice. However, little empirical evidence explains why some participants remain actively engaged and capable of self-managing CPR skills after mandatory training, while others do not. In this study, immersion in CPR education refers to learners’ cognitive and behavioral engagement during training, reflecting their concentration and active participation in learning activities. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine how achievement goal orientation influences CPR education immersion and self-management among elementary school educational officials. A survey was conducted from March to June 2024 with 150 teachers and administrative staff in Gangwon Province, South Korea. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results showed significant positive correlations among achievement goal orientation, CPR education immersion, and self-management. Both self-goal and task goal orientations significantly increased CPR education immersion, whereas only task goal orientation positively influenced self-management. In addition, both cognitive and behavioral immersion significantly predicted self-management These findings suggest that mastery-oriented motivation is associated with deeper engagement during CPR training and stronger self-management, supporting motivationally informed instructional design rather than compliance-focused delivery.