# The Role and Mechanisms of miRNAs on Ovarian Granulosa Cells: A Literature Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how microRNAs regulate ovarian granulosa cells and their role in conditions like PCOS and POF.

## Contribution

The paper systematically integrates findings on miRNA mechanisms in granulosa cells across multiple models and diseases.

## Key findings

- miRNAs regulate granulosa cell functions through key pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β/SMAD.
- Exosomal miRNAs facilitate communication in the follicular environment.
- Nearly 200 miRNAs are linked to PCOS, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets.

## Abstract

Background: Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) play a pivotal role in folliculogenesis, and their dysfunction is central to disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure (POF). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial post-transcriptional regulators of GC homeostasis. Method: This review synthesizes current evidence by systematically analyzing relevant studies, integrating data from in vitro GC models, animal experiments, human cell lines, and clinical samples to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate GCs. Results: miRNAs precisely modulate GC proliferation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis, and oxidative stress responses by targeting key signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF-β/SMAD) and functional genes (e.g., TP53, CYP19A1). Exosomal miRNAs serve as vital mediators of communication within the follicular microenvironment. To date, nearly 200 miRNAs have been associated with PCOS. Conclusions: miRNAs constitute a decisive regulatory network governing GC fate, offering promising therapeutic targets for PCOS and POF. However, significant challenges remain, primarily miRNA pleiotropy and the lack of follicle-specific delivery systems. Future clinical translation requires rigorous validation in human-relevant models.