# Transcriptome-Based Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in Roegneria ciliaris ‘Liao Sheng’ Across Various Tissues and Under Drought Stress

## TL;DR

This study identifies the most stable reference genes for gene expression analysis in Roegneria ciliaris under drought stress and across tissues.

## Contribution

The first systematic evaluation of reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization in R. ciliaris.

## Key findings

- MDH and RPL19 were the most stable reference genes across all samples.
- GAPDH and TUBA showed the lowest expression stability.
- P5CS and PP2C gene expression results matched transcriptome data when normalized with stable RGs.

## Abstract

Backgrounds: Roegneria ciliaris is a perennial tetraploid wild relative of wheat that is widely distributed in China. It can be used both as a forage crop and ecological grass (the grasses specifically bred for ecological restoration) due to its strong stress tolerance, early green-up, vigorous seedling growth in spring, and great palatability. Methods: It is necessary to select and validate appropriate reference genes (RGs) for gene expression normalization by qRT-PCR in order to decipher the stress tolerance mechanism of this grass species. Therefore, eight candidate RGs were identified from transcriptome data of R. ciliaris ‘Liao sheng’ in response to drought stress. The expression stability of these RGs was evaluated by five algorithms (∆Ct, geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper and ReFinder) using samples from different tissues and drought stress. Results: The results showed that MDH and RPL19 were the most stable RGs among all samples, while GAPDH and TUBA presented the lowest expression stability. These representative RGs were further used to normalize the expression level of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) and protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) genes in different tissues and under drought stress. The results of P5CS and PP2C expression were consistent with transcriptome data. Conclusion: Our study provided the first systematic evaluation of the most stable RG selection for qRT-PCR normalization in R. ciliaris, which will promote further research on its tissue-specific gene expression and mechanism of drought tolerance.