# Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Reconfiguring the Vascular Landscape to Reverse Remodeling

**Authors:** Alice G. Vassiliou, Kostas A. Papavassiliou, Nikolaos S. Lotsios, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/cells15040332 · 2026-02-11

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) [NCBI Gene 1786] {aka ADCADN, AIM, CXXC9, DNMT, HSN1E, MCMT}, SIRT3 (sirtuin 3) [NCBI Gene 23410] {aka SIR2L3}, MIR21 (microRNA 21) [NCBI Gene 406991] {aka MIRN21, hsa-mir-21, miR-21, miRNA21}, TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1}, HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) [NCBI Gene 9734] {aka HD7, HD7b, HD9, HDAC, HDAC7B, HDAC9B}, INHBE (inhibin subunit beta E) [NCBI Gene 83729], PDE5A (phosphodiesterase 5A) [NCBI Gene 8654] {aka CGB-PDE, CN5A, PDE5}, BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2) [NCBI Gene 659] {aka BMPR-II, BMPR3, BMR2, BRK-3, POVD1, PPH1}, BCL2 (BCL2 apoptosis regulator) [NCBI Gene 596] {aka Bcl-2, PPP1R50}, SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2) [NCBI Gene 6648] {aka GC1, GClnc1, IPO-B, IPOB, MNSOD, MVCD6}, MIR204 (microRNA 204) [NCBI Gene 406987] {aka MIRN204, RDICC, miRNA204, mir-204}, BRD4 (bromodomain containing 4) [NCBI Gene 23476] {aka CAP, CDLS6, FSHRG4, HUNK1, HUNKI, MCAP}, TET2 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) [NCBI Gene 54790] {aka IMD75, KIAA1546, MDS}, PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase) [NCBI Gene 5053] {aka PH, PKU, PKU1}
- **Diseases:** RVH (MESH:D017380), cardiovascular disease (MESH:D002318), toxicity (MESH:D064420), IPAH (MESH:D065627), PAH (MESH:D000081029), hematological malignancies (MESH:D019337), hypoxia (MESH:D000860), RV failure (MESH:D051437), fibrosis (MESH:D005355), inflammation (MESH:D007249), injury to (MESH:D014947)
- **Chemicals:** glucose (MESH:D005947), Apabetalone (MESH:C000628794), VPA (MESH:D014635), DCA (MESH:D003999), inhibitors (-), PGI2 (MESH:D011464), decitabine (MESH:D000077209)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090]

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12939724