# Recent Advances in Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Treatment: Bridging Molecular Insights and Clinical Practice

**Authors:** Kenji Tsuji

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics16040549 · 2026-02-13

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** MAP3K5 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5) [NCBI Gene 4217] {aka ASK1, MAPKKK5, MEKK5}, NFE2L2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 4780] {aka IMDDHH, NRF2, Nrf-2}, CYP11B2 (cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2) [NCBI Gene 1585] {aka ALDOS, CPN2, CYP11B, CYP11BL, CYPXIB2, P-450C18}, NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) [NCBI Gene 114548] {aka AGTAVPRL, AII, AVP, C1orf7, CIAS1, CLR1.1}, CCR2 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 729230] {aka CC-CKR-2, CCR-2, CCR2A, CCR2B, CD192, CKR2}, IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2}, CCR5 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 5) [NCBI Gene 1234] {aka CC-CKR-5, CCCKR5, CCR-5, CD195, CKR-5, CKR5}, EDNRB (endothelin receptor type B) [NCBI Gene 1910] {aka ABCDS, ET-B, ET-BR, ETB, ETB1, ETBR}, REN (renin) [NCBI Gene 5972] {aka ADTKD4, HNFJ2, RTD}, EDN1 (endothelin 1) [NCBI Gene 1906] {aka ARCND3, ET1, HDLCQ7, PPET1, QME}, GLP1R (glucagon like peptide 1 receptor) [NCBI Gene 2740] {aka GLP-1, GLP-1-R, GLP-1R}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}
- **Diseases:** DKD (MESH:D003928), Thyroid dysfunction (MESH:D013959), Kidney Disease (MESH:D007674), metabolic acidosis (MESH:D000138), , endocrine, and cardiovascular disturbances (MESH:D002318), uremic (MESH:D006463), endocrine disturbances (MESH:D004700), hypothyroidism (MESH:D007037), death (MESH:D003643), arterial stiffness (MESH:C566112), aortic stiffness (MESH:C566100), hypoxia (MESH:D000860), proteinuria (MESH:D011507), CKD (MESH:D051436), Chronic inflammation (MESH:D007249), injury to (MESH:D014947), fibrosis (MESH:D005355)
- **Chemicals:** creatinine (MESH:D003404), phenylacetylglutamine (MESH:C003089), non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (-), nitric oxide (MESH:D009569), prostacyclin (MESH:D011464)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12939612