# The Science of Growth Monitoring: Beyond the Basics

**Authors:** Melodee Liegl, Amy Y. Pan

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/children13020162 · 2026-01-23

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how growth charts are made and used to track children's growth and health.

## Contribution

The paper provides a detailed comparison of CDC and WHO growth chart methodologies and their clinical relevance.

## Key findings

- CDC and WHO growth charts differ due to distinct reference populations and construction methods.
- Growth charts are essential tools for assessing health and wellness in children.
- Understanding chart construction helps in their proper clinical application.

## Abstract

Growth charts are widely used as a clinical and research tool to assess physical growth performance of infants, children, and adolescents. They have been widely accepted as indicators of health and wellness. CDC and WHO growth charts are well known and used for tracking childhood growth. The differences between WHO and CDC growth curves are largely attributable to distinct reference population and curve construction methodologies. The aim of this review is to focus on the construction, utilization, as well as clinical significance of the CDC and WHO growth charts.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** LEP (leptin) [NCBI Gene 3952] {aka LEPD, OB, OBS}, ADIPOQ (adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing) [NCBI Gene 9370] {aka ACDC, ACRP30, ADIPQTL1, ADPN, APM-1, APM1}, INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}
- **Diseases:** achondroplasia (MESH:D000130), chromosomal disorder (MESH:D025063), Turner's syndrome (MESH:D014424), prematurity (MESH:C536271), adiposity (MESH:D018205), Underweight (MESH:D013851), premature infants (MESH:D007235), congenital heart disease (MESH:D006330), undernutrition (MESH:D044342), fragile X syndrome (MESH:D005600), excess body fatness (MESH:D004620), overweight (MESH:D050177), obese (MESH:D009765), weight gain (MESH:D015430), Prader-Willi's syndrome (MESH:D011218), Down Syndrome (MESH:D004314), Diabetes (MESH:D003920), growth disturbances (MESH:D006130), Cerebral Palsy (MESH:D002547), injury to (MESH:D014947)
- **Chemicals:** lipids (MESH:D008055)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Figures

1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12939504/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12939504