# Licorice Flavonoid Extract Ameliorates Intestine Damage in Ulcerative Colitis via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Modulation and Gut Microbiome Remodeling

## TL;DR

Licorice flavonoid extract reduces intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis by modulating inflammation and gut microbes.

## Contribution

The study identifies licorice flavonoid extract as a natural therapeutic for UC via MAPK/NF-κB signaling and microbiome remodeling.

## Key findings

- LF reduced colon damage and inflammation in a murine UC model.
- LF suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited MAPK/NF-κB phosphorylation.
- LF increased gut microbiome diversity and beneficial bacterial taxa.

## Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology, characterized by non-specific colonic inflammation. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), a food–medicine dual-use botanical, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, suggesting therapeutic potential for UC. However, the specific bioactive components of licorice and their underlying mechanisms of action require further elucidation. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of licorice flavonoid extract (LF) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine model of UC. The results demonstrated that oral administration of LF significantly alleviated disease pathology indices, reduced colon shortening, and improved histopathological colon damage. LF treatment suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, likely through inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB p65, while upregulating PPARγ expression. Additionally, LF intervention restored gut microbial diversity, increasing the abundance of beneficial taxa such as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The chemical characterization of LF revealed that 15 flavonoid compounds contribute to its therapeutic basis. These findings demonstrate that LF mitigates UC via integrated anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and microbiota-regulating mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for UC management.