# Oral Environment of Esophageal Cancer Patients, the Incidence of Complications, and Long-Term Prognoses

**Authors:** Yusuke Sato, Hiroki Nikawa, Akiyuki Wakita, Yushi Nagaki, Hiroshi Takano, Kazuhiro Imai

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/curroncol33020086 · Current Oncology · 2026-02-01

## TL;DR

Improving the oral health of esophageal cancer patients may reduce surgical complications and improve long-term outcomes.

## Contribution

The paper proposes a new consensus linking oral environment improvement to better surgical outcomes in esophageal cancer.

## Key findings

- Poor oral environments are common in esophageal cancer patients with postoperative complications.
- Improving oral health may reduce complications and improve long-term prognoses after surgery.
- Evidence from multiple studies supports the link between oral health and surgical outcomes.

## Abstract

We believe that the current consensus that “postoperative complications after esophagectomy are correlated with poor long-term prognoses” is related to the fact that many esophageal cancer patients have poor oral environments. We hope the new consensus “improving the oral environment of esophageal cancer patients can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve long-term prognoses”, will gain consensus and lead to safer esophageal cancer surgery.

Recent studies have increasingly indicated that postoperative complications after esophagectomy are correlated with poor long-term prognoses, making it crucial to prevent such complications. Based on our studies, we believe that central to this issue is the finding that among esophageal cancer patients who experience postoperative complications and have poor long-term prognoses there is a high incidence of poor oral environments. Here we review the results of our basic and clinical research studies, as well as evidence from other institutions, on the oral environment of esophageal cancer patients and its association with the incidence of complications and long-term prognoses. We hope these findings, which suggest “improving the oral environment of esophageal cancer patients can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve long-term prognoses”, will gain consensus and lead to safer esophageal cancer surgery.

## Linked entities

- **Diseases:** esophageal cancer (MONDO:0007576)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** Tlr6 (toll-like receptor 6) [NCBI Gene 21899], TLR2 (toll like receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 7097] {aka CD282, TIL4}, TLR4 (toll like receptor 4) [NCBI Gene 7099] {aka ARMD10, CD284, TLR-4, TOLL}, Cxcl10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10) [NCBI Gene 15945] {aka C7, CRG-2, INP10, IP-10, IP10, Ifi10}, TLR6 (toll like receptor 6) [NCBI Gene 10333] {aka CD286}, CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) [NCBI Gene 6347] {aka GDCF-2, HC11, HSMCR30, MCAF, MCP-1, MCP1}
- **Diseases:** type 2 diabetes (MESH:D003924), aspiration pneumonia (MESH:D011015), lymph node metastasis (MESH:D008207), dementia (MESH:D003704), Periodontal Disease (MESH:D010510), Esophageal Cancer (MESH:D004938), atelectasis (MESH:D001261), dental caries (MESH:D003731), birth (MESH:D000014), edentulous jaw (MESH:D007575), rheumatoid arthritis (MESH:D001172), diabetic complications (MESH:D048909), intellectual disability (MESH:D008607), atherosclerosis (MESH:D050197), cerebral infarction (MESH:D002544), ischemic heart disease (MESH:D017202), F. nucleatum infection (OMIM:102510), anastomotic leakage (MESH:D057868), osteoporosis (MESH:D010024), obesity (MESH:D009765), lung adenocarcinoma (MESH:D000077192), gastric cancer (MESH:D013274), autoimmune diseases (MESH:D001327), COPD (MESH:D029424), Pneumonia (MESH:D011014), stroke (MESH:D020521), systemic lupus erythematosus (MESH:D008180), systemic diseases (MESH:D034721), periodontal pocket (MESH:D010514), inflammation (MESH:D007249), Periodontitis (MESH:D010518), injury to (MESH:D014947), metabolic syndrome (MESH:D024821), tooth loss (MESH:D016388), respiratory complications (MESH:D012140), pancreatic cancer (MESH:D010190), leakage (MESH:D003763), Parkinson's disease (MESH:D010300), neurological and psychiatric disorders (MESH:D001523), Alzheimer's disease (MESH:D000544), cancers (MESH:D009369), EAC (MESH:D000230), Vascular diseases (MESH:D014652), preeclampsia (MESH:D011225), chronic kidney disease (MESH:D051436), ESCC (MESH:D000077277)
- **Chemicals:** CPC (MESH:D002594), LPS (MESH:D008070), alcohol (MESH:D000438), Gram (-), butyrate (MESH:D002087), IPMP (MESH:C512394), lactate (MESH:D019344)
- **Species:** Streptococcus mitis (species) [taxon 28037], Fusobacterium nucleatum (species) [taxon 851], Streptococcus salivarius (species) [taxon 1304], Porphyromonas gingivalis (species) [taxon 837], Bacteria Latreille et al. 1825 (Bacteria stick insect, genus) [taxon 629395], Tannerella forsythia (species) [taxon 28112], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Prevotella intermedia (species) [taxon 28131], Streptococcus mutans (species) [taxon 1309], Candida albicans (species) [taxon 5476], Bacillus subtilis (species) [taxon 1423], Treponema denticola (species) [taxon 158], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Streptococcus oralis (species) [taxon 1303]

## Full text

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## Figures

7 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12939064/full.md

## References

59 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12939064/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12939064